Imagined in the 1930s

A small prize. A suit that keeps a person alive in vacuum is vital to its wearer but serves only the few who work in space.

Who is paid. Space operators buy suits for their crews, and the few firms that already make such gear supply them since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A floating launch base is a useful choice of site, not a new industry.

Who is paid. Launch firms pay for it, and builders of ships and offshore platforms could all make it, so those established yards collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a natural thing or event in space, not a product anyone makes or sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A solo scouting craft serves prospectors, a niche within space mining.

Who is paid. Prospectors and mining firms buy it, and established small-craft builders could all make it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a job, judged by the work it sells: a trained crew member is needed on every voyage but is a small part of its cost.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay the wages, and anyone with the training can do the work, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A vessel the size of a small world carrying a whole society is an enormous building project.

Who is paid. Only a government could fund it, and the big shipbuilders and contractors already trusted with such work would be paid.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a handy detail of a helmet, a convenience for the few people who wear spacesuits.

Who is paid. Operators pay for it as part of the suit, and suit makers fit it themselves because any of them could copy it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a way of flying or moving, not a product; the craft and gear that do it are judged separately.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It protects travellers during hard thrust, which matters only to the few who fly such ships.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as part of the craft, and the firms that already build ships and their fittings supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A way off a failing ship saves lives but is carried as a fitting and rarely used.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as part of the craft, and established shipbuilders supply it since any of them could make it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Materials taken from other worlds and from loose rock in space would feed an industry of their own.

Who is paid. Firms that need the material pay for it, and since others could dig the same way the gain goes to those who already own the ships and claims.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A place for many people to live and work beyond Earth is a building industry of its own.

Who is paid. A settlement is a public work a government pays for, and the big construction and space firms that already win such contracts would build it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a way of flying or moving, not a product; the craft and gear that do it are judged separately.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A working ship that carries people and cargo between worlds is the base of a whole transport industry.

Who is paid. Carriers and other firms working in space buy ships, and since a second yard could build the same craft the established shipbuilders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A craft that carries only its pilot serves scouts and crews, a niche within space transport.

Who is paid. Prospectors, carriers and expedition firms buy it, and established small-craft builders could all make it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A light that burns in vacuum is a simple signal or work lamp for a few crews.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for crews, and it is simple enough that many workshops could make it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. Giving a whole world air and a climate people can live in would open new land for a large share of humanity.

Who is paid. Only a government could fund work on a whole world, and the large engineering firms that already hold such contracts would be paid to do it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. It protects crews during hard thrust, which matters only to the few who fly such ships.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as part of the craft, and the firms that already build ships and their fittings supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Passing in and out without losing air is essential but is a fitting of the craft.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as part of the craft, and the established builders of ships and stations supply it since the idea is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It names a crime, the seizing of ships by force, which nobody may lawfully buy.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A place where craft lift off and land is what every flight to space depends on.

Who is paid. Carriers pay to use it, and since any port can be copied the gain goes to the large builders and the holders of the few good ground sites.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Deep sleep that saves food, water and air would make very long voyages possible.

Who is paid. Carriers would pay, and nothing in the description stops others doing it once it is shown to work, so the firms that already supply ships collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A suit with protective plating keeps a person alive and guarded outside, essential gear but only for a few; no military use is stated.

Who is paid. Space operators buy suits for their crews, and the few established makers of suits can all copy a design, so they collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a way of flying or moving, not a product; the craft and gear that do it are judged under their own entries.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Breathable air is essential aboard, but this is a fitting inside a craft or suit, not an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and the established builders of ships and suits supply it because the method is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a natural thing or event in space, not a product anyone makes or sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a job, judged by the work it sells: a trained crew member is needed on every voyage but is a small part of its cost.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay the wages, and anyone with the training can do the work, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Checking whether air is safe to breathe is a useful instrument for a few explorers.

Who is paid. Expedition firms buy it, assumed here, and gas-testing instruments are made by many firms, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Pushing craft with a beam from outside would let ships fly without carrying their own fuel, changing launch costs.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for the push, and since others could build beam stations the gain goes to those who already own the sites and power plants.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Slowing a craft safely through air is essential to landing but is a part of the craft, not a product by itself.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and spacecraft builders supply it because the method is well understood and easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Spinning to give weight is a design feature of a habitat, useful but not a product of its own.

Who is paid. Whoever pays for the habitat pays for this, assumed here to be a government, and any habitat builder can use the idea so the established builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A place for many people to live and work beyond Earth is a building industry of its own.

Who is paid. A settlement is a public work a government pays for, and the big construction and space firms that already win such contracts would build it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Knowing where a ship is and keeping it on course is essential but is an instrument within the ship.

Who is paid. Ship operators buy it as part of the craft, and the established makers of flight instruments supply it since it can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Backup thrusters are a safety part of a spacecraft.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for them within the craft, and established engine makers supply them since they are easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Fuel made on the Moon would cut the cost of every voyage further out, an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Ship operators buy the fuel, and since the digging can be copied the firms that already own ships and refineries collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Keeping your footing where there is little or no weight is a small convenience for those who work there.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and it is a simple loose item that any workshop could make.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is the weightless state of anything coasting in orbit, a fact of nature and not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It helps a crew find their way or see what lies about them, a useful fitting but only a part of the ship.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and the firms that already make ship instruments supply it since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. As described it is a walking aid for those who work on small rocks, a niche; gravity for whole ships and stations is judged under the plates.

Who is paid. Mining firms buy the belts for their workers, and a small worn device can be made by many workshops, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It helps a crew find their way or see what lies about them, a useful fitting but only a part of the ship.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and the firms that already make ship instruments supply it since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A fuel additive that makes spaceflight cheap would change the cost of the whole industry.

Who is paid. Ship operators buy it with their fuel, and the description gives nothing that stops other chemical firms making it, so established fuel makers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A place to land, park or refuel is a necessary part of space traffic but only an extra beside the ships and launch works.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay to use it, and it is easy to copy, so those who already hold the port sites collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A way off a failing ship saves lives but is carried as a fitting and rarely used.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as part of the craft, and established shipbuilders supply it since any of them could make it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a word or a unit of measure, not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Keeping your footing where there is little or no weight is a small convenience for those who work there.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and it is a simple loose item that any workshop could make.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a handy loose item for space crews, a niche.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and it is simple enough that any workshop could make it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A capsule for dropping notes from orbit is a small convenience.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and it is simple enough that any workshop could make it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Pushing rocks out of the way keeps a ship safe, but it is a fitting on the craft, not an industry.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and the firms that already make ship instruments supply it since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a way of flying or moving, not a product; the craft and gear that do it are judged separately.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a term for the planet a people came from, not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A hall for exercise, games and the view is an amenity inside a station, not a product of its own.

Who is paid. Whoever pays for the habitat pays for this, assumed here to be a government, and any habitat builder can use the idea so the established builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Keeping harmful radiation off the crew matters on every long voyage, but it is a feature of the hull and not a product by itself.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and shipbuilders fit it themselves since nothing stops others copying it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a viewing or steering instrument aboard a ship, useful to the crew but only a part of the craft.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and established instrument makers supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A picture of our planet from above is a keepsake and a wonder, assumed here to be sold as a print and not as a mapping service.

Who is paid. People buy copies, and once craft fly above the air anyone aboard can take such a picture, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Gentle thrust that uses very little fuel cuts the cost of long voyages and of keeping craft in place; the real thing exists and does this.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay, and once the engine was shown to work others could build it, so established engine builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A working engine for travel between worlds sets the cost of every voyage it powers.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay, and once the engine was shown to work others could build it, so established engine builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A fuel that powers spacecraft engines would be bought for every voyage, an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Ship operators buy it, and unlike plain dust it is radioactive and needs special plants to make and handle, so the firms that already own such plants collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Spotting debris in time to steer clear keeps a ship safe, but it is an instrument aboard and only a part of the craft.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and established instrument makers supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Pushing rocks and other hazards away keeps a ship safe, but it is a safety fitting of the craft and not an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and once the field worked other shipbuilders could copy it, so established builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. It helps a spacewalker get around while weightless, a niche tool for a few workers.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and the makers of suits and space gear supply it because it is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A working engine for travel between worlds sets the cost of every voyage it powers.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay, and once the engine was shown to work others could build it, so established engine builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It helps a spacewalker get around while weightless, a niche tool for a few workers.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and the makers of suits and space gear supply it because it is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A floating launch base is a useful choice of site, not a new industry.

Who is paid. Launch firms pay for it, and builders of ships and offshore platforms could all make it, so those established yards collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a natural thing or place in space, not a product anyone makes or sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a viewing or steering instrument aboard a ship, useful to the crew but only a part of the craft.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and established instrument makers supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A vessel that renews its own air, water and food could stay out for very long voyages, a working ship for a transport industry of its own.

Who is paid. Carriers and expedition firms buy ships, and many yards could build them once shown how, so established vehicle builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a viewing or steering instrument aboard a ship, useful to the crew but only a part of the craft.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and established instrument makers supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Scheduled passenger travel between worlds would be a transport industry of its own.

Who is paid. The carrier buys the ship and sells the seats, and since many yards could build such a vessel the builders and carriers that already own fleets and ports collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a job, judged by the work it sells: trained hands are needed on every voyage but are a small part of its cost.

Who is paid. Operators pay the wages, and anyone with the training can do the work, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. It keeps a person alive and able to work outside, essential gear but only for the few who work in space.

Who is paid. Space operators buy suits for their crews, and the few established makers of suits can all copy a design, so they collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a part of a suit, useful to the wearer but not a product by itself.

Who is paid. Space operators pay for it within the suit, and the established suit makers supply it since any of them can copy it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Scheduled passenger travel between worlds would be a transport industry of its own.

Who is paid. The carrier buys the ship and sells the seats, and since many yards could build such a vessel the builders and carriers that already own fleets and ports collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A carry-along airtight shelter is a safety item for the few crews working on the Moon.

Who is paid. The description names crews, so their employers buy it, and a shelter that must hold air against vacuum is made by the established makers of suits and habitats, any of whom could copy it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A private pleasure craft for space is a luxury for a few rich owners.

Who is paid. The description names private owners who buy it for themselves, and the yards that already build spacecraft could all make one.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A ship that needs no carried fuel would cut the cost of moving people and cargo across space.

Who is paid. Carriers buy ships, and nothing in the description stops other yards building one once it is shown to work, so established builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is a natural thing or event in space, not a product anyone makes or sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a word or a way of doing things that needs no new equipment, not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It protects crews during hard thrust or landing, which matters only to the few who fly such ships.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as part of the craft, and the firms that already build ships and their fittings supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A clear ball enclosing a deck is judged as a vessel, since the description allows either a ship or a habitat; a working vessel founds a transport industry.

Who is paid. Carriers and expedition firms are assumed to buy it, and nothing in the description stops other yards building one, so established builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is a word or a way of doing things that needs no new equipment, not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a drifting heap of wrecks gathered by nature, not a product anyone makes or sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Metal and other materials from space rocks would be an industry of its own and could change the cost of raw materials.

Who is paid. Factories and builders buy the output, and since mining methods are easy to copy the firms that already own ships and refineries collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A beam that pulls distant objects in would change towing, docking and cargo handling in space and perhaps on the ground.

Who is paid. Ship and port operators buy it, and once shown to work others could build it, so established equipment makers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A working vessel for travel between worlds would found a transport industry of its own.

Who is paid. Carriers and expedition firms buy ships, and many yards could build them once shown how, so established vehicle builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a word or a way of doing things that needs no new equipment, not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It keeps a spacewalker attached to the ship, a simple safety item for a few workers.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for crews, and it is simple hardware that many workshops could make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It saves lives in a disaster, but it is safety equipment carried aboard a larger ship.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as required safety gear, and shipbuilders supply it because the design is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A suit that keeps a person alive in vacuum is vital to its wearer but serves only the few who work in space.

Who is paid. Space operators buy suits for their crews, and the few firms that already make such gear supply them since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a detail of a suit, useful to the wearer but not a product by itself.

Who is paid. Space operators pay for it within the suit, and suit makers supply it because the design is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Travel between galaxies is the same service as travel between worlds or stars, a transport industry for those who go and not a change for most people.

Who is paid. Carriers buy the ships and sell the passage, assumed here as with other travel, and since ships can be copied the builders and carriers that already own fleets and ports collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A frame that holds a craft on the ground is a simple port fitting.

Who is paid. Port and ship operators buy it, and it is plain steel that any workshop could make.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. An engine that moves ships faster or more cheaply would change the cost of all space transport.

Who is paid. An engine is bought by whoever runs the ship, assumed here to be carriers, and established engine builders could copy it once it worked.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A glowing post to mark a claim is a small item for prospectors.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and it is simple enough that any workshop could make it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a handy loose item for space crews, a niche.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and it is simple enough that any workshop could make it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. A new world to live on would add living room for a large share of humanity.

Who is paid. No private buyer could fund a world, so a government pays and the large builders that already hold public works contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Warning of rocks ahead keeps a ship safe, but it is a fitting on the craft, not an industry.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and the firms that already make ship instruments supply it since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A shielded lane between worlds protects the ships that use it, a safety aid along a particular route.

Who is paid. It guards every passing ship, so a government is assumed to pay as for a beacon, and established builders could copy the projector once it worked.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is a nickname for a small rock in space, not a product anyone makes or sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It helps a spacewalker get around while weightless, a niche tool for a few workers.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and the makers of suits and space gear supply it because it is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A place for many people to live and work beyond Earth is a building industry of its own.

Who is paid. A settlement is a public work a government pays for, and the big construction and space firms that already win such contracts would build it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A suit that keeps a person alive in vacuum or thin air is vital to its wearer but serves only the few who work in space.

Who is paid. Space operators buy suits for their crews, and the few firms that already make such gear supply them since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Magnets that hold a mining ship to a rock are a fitting of the ship, a tool within space mining.

Who is paid. Mining firms pay for it within the craft, and makers of mining and space gear could all build it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Puffs of vapour that show where air is leaking are a cheap safety aid in a sealed structure.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for crews, and it is simple enough that many workshops could make it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A working vessel for travel between worlds would found a transport industry of its own.

Who is paid. Carriers and expedition firms buy ships, and many yards could build them once shown how, so established vehicle builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A way to survive a failing ship is something every operator wants but hopes never to use.

Who is paid. Ship operators buy it as part of the craft, and the established builders of ships and their fittings supply it since it can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a part of a suit, useful to the wearer but not a product by itself.

Who is paid. Space operators pay for it within the suit, and the established suit makers supply it since any of them can copy it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. The engine sets how far, how fast and how cheaply every ship can go; the description is general, so it is judged as drives are.

Who is paid. Whoever runs the ship pays for the engine, assumed here to be carriers, and once a firm had built it others could too, so established engine and ship builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It names what space does to the body, a condition and not a product anyone makes or sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A small craft for short hops is a useful extra for a ship or station, not an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Ship and station operators buy it, assumed here, and existing spacecraft builders could all make something so simple.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a word or a way of doing things that needs no new equipment, not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a natural thing or event in space, not a product anyone makes or sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It protects crews during hard thrust or landing, which matters only to the few who fly such ships.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as part of the craft, and the firms that already build ships and their fittings supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Steering whole rocks to where they are wanted would serve mining and building in space, part of an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Mining and building firms are assumed to pay, and bolting engines to a rock is easy to copy, so the firms that already own ships and engines collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A working vessel for travel between worlds would found a transport industry of its own.

Who is paid. Carriers and expedition firms buy ships, and many yards could build them once shown how, so established vehicle builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A working vessel for travel between worlds would found a transport industry of its own.

Who is paid. Carriers and expedition firms buy ships, and many yards could build them once shown how, so established vehicle builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Travel faster than light would open other stars to trade and settlement, a transport industry of its own; it is a change for those who go, not for most people.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for the drive, and once a firm had built it others could too, so established shipbuilders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is a word or a way of doing things that needs no new equipment, not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a detail of a suit, useful to the wearer but not a product by itself.

Who is paid. Space operators pay for it within the suit, and suit makers supply it because the design is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. An engine that moves ships faster or more cheaply would change the cost of all space transport.

Who is paid. An engine is bought by whoever runs the ship, assumed here to be carriers, and established engine builders could copy it once it worked.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a tool for catching or shifting rock, useful only to those who mine in space.

Who is paid. Mining firms buy it, and makers of mining gear supply it since the design is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a way of flying or moving, not a product; the craft and gear that do it are judged separately.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a handy loose item for space crews, a niche.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and it is simple enough that any workshop could make it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Prospecting among space rocks is paid work, a service and not a product.

Who is paid. Mining firms and metal buyers pay the prospectors, and anyone can train for the work, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A suit that keeps a person alive in vacuum or thin air is vital to its wearer but serves only the few who work in space.

Who is paid. Space operators buy suits for their crews, and the few firms that already make such gear supply them since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Sensing nearby rocks and steering clear keeps a ship safe, but it is an instrument aboard and only a part of the craft.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and established instrument makers supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Moving other craft about in orbit is a steady support trade, not an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Port and ship operators buy tugs, and any spacecraft builder could make such a simple craft, so established builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a job, judged by the work it sells: trained hands are needed on every voyage but are a small part of its cost.

Who is paid. Operators pay the wages, and anyone with the training can do the work, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Small thrusters let a spacewalker get around while weightless, a niche tool for a few workers.

Who is paid. Space operators buy them for their crews, and the makers of suits and space gear supply them because they are easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a word or a way of doing things that needs no new equipment, not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Telling what a rock holds before digging saves prospectors wasted effort, a niche tool.

Who is paid. Mining and prospecting firms buy it, and the established makers of survey instruments could all copy it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A line between ships for crossing over is a simple item for a few crews.

Who is paid. Ship operators buy it, and it is simple hardware that many workshops could make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Crossing between ships without suiting up is a convenience fitted to craft that meet often.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as a fitting, and the established builders of ships supply it since it is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Slowing a craft safely through air is essential to landing but is a part of the craft, not a product by itself.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and spacecraft builders supply it because the method is well understood and easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It protects crews during hard thrust, which matters only to the few who fly such ships.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as part of the craft, and the firms that already build ships and their fittings supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. A new world to live on would add living room for a large share of humanity.

Who is paid. No private buyer could fund a world, so a government pays and the large builders that already hold public works contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Knowing where a ship is and keeping it on course is essential but is an instrument within the ship.

Who is paid. Ship operators buy it as part of the craft, and the established makers of flight instruments supply it since it can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A lift from the ground to orbit would slash the cost of reaching space for every firm that uses it.

Who is paid. Shippers pay to send cargo up, and since another line could be built once the first was shown to work, the gain is assumed to go to the large builders and the holders of the few good ground sites.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is a word or a way of doing things that needs no new equipment, not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A sharper telescope is useful to observatories and ships, a specialist instrument.

Who is paid. Observatories and ship operators buy it, assumed here, and established instrument makers supply it because the idea is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It saves lives in a disaster, but it is safety equipment carried aboard a larger ship.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as required safety gear, and shipbuilders supply it because the design is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a necessary fitting on any crewed craft, but only a part of the ship.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and shipbuilders make it themselves since nothing stops others copying it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Flying about inside a great hollow habitat is a pleasant way to get around for those who live there, a convenience.

Who is paid. People living in the habitat buy their own, and a small personal device can be made by many workshops, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. It adds to knowledge of the sky but yields nothing to sell, so its worth is limited to science.

Who is paid. Nobody could be charged for what it learns, so a government pays the instrument and probe builders that already hold such contracts.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Finding a world to live on would matter greatly in the end, but the search by itself yields nothing to sell.

Who is paid. Nobody could be charged for the search, so a government pays, and the explorers and ship operators that already hold such contracts do the work.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A plaque sent out for strangers to find is a gesture with nothing to sell.

Who is paid. A government pays for it as part of a science mission, and any workshop could engrave the plate.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. Carrying a whole world to a safer or better place would decide where a large share of humanity can live.

Who is paid. Only a government could fund work on a whole world, and the large engineering firms that already hold such contracts would be paid to do it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is a word for a person from another world, not a product anyone makes or sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. Carrying a whole world to a safer or better place would decide where a large share of humanity can live.

Who is paid. Only a government could fund work on a whole world, and the large engineering firms that already hold such contracts would be paid to do it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A hollowed place for many people to live, lifted into orbit as a small moon, is a building project on the scale of an industry.

Who is paid. A settlement is a public work a government pays for, and the big construction and space firms that already win such contracts would build it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Thrust drawn from sunlight needs little or no fuel, which would cut the cost of voyages between worlds.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay, and once the engine was shown to work others could build it, so established engine builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a part of a suit, useful to the wearer but not a product by itself.

Who is paid. Space operators pay for it within the suit, and the established suit makers supply it since any of them can copy it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A place for many people to live and work beyond Earth is a building industry of its own.

Who is paid. A settlement is a public work a government pays for, and the big construction and space firms that already win such contracts would build it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A working ship that carries people and cargo between worlds is the base of a whole transport industry.

Who is paid. Carriers buy ships, and a hull grown from a living line can be regrown by anyone who holds a cutting, so the established shipbuilders and carriers collect as with any other ship.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a tool for catching or shifting rock, useful only to those who mine in space.

Who is paid. Mining firms buy it, and makers of mining gear supply it since the design is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Materials taken from other worlds and from loose rock in space would feed an industry of their own.

Who is paid. Firms that need the material pay for it, and since others could dig the same way the gain goes to those who already own the ships and claims.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. Lighting a new sun would give warmth and daylight to whole worlds, opening living room for a large share of humanity.

Who is paid. Only a government could fund work on a star, and the large engineering firms that already hold such contracts would be paid to do it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A sealed garment against a hostile spore-laden world keeps workers alive there, essential gear for a few.

Who is paid. Firms working on that world are assumed to buy it for their crews, and established makers of protective suits can all copy a design, so they collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Finding worlds like ours is valuable knowledge but nobody buys it as a product.

Who is paid. The findings cannot be charged for, so a government pays, and the observatory builders that already hold science contracts supply it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Holding air in place without walls would make settling airless worlds far cheaper than building domes.

Who is paid. Settlements are public works a government pays for, and once the field was known other builders could copy it, so established settlement builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Real weight underfoot on any ship or station would be fitted almost everywhere people live in space.

Who is paid. Ship and station operators buy it, and once the plates worked other makers could copy them, so established builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. It helps a spacewalker get around while weightless, a niche tool for a few workers.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and the makers of suits and space gear supply it because it is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Calming a storm on a giant planet matters only to those who would work there, a niche.

Who is paid. It is assumed the firms mining that world pay for it as working gear, and makers of such equipment could copy it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. An engine that moves ships faster or more cheaply would change the cost of all space transport.

Who is paid. An engine is bought by whoever runs the ship, assumed here to be carriers, and established engine builders could copy it once it worked.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Keeping your footing where there is little or no weight is a small convenience for those who work there.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and it is a simple loose item that any workshop could make.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Boots for walking on a giant planet's storm serve only the few who would work there, a niche.

Who is paid. Mining firms buy them for their crews, and they are assumed to be simple footwear that any workshop could make.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A vessel carrying a whole population on a voyage of many lifetimes is an enormous building project.

Who is paid. Only a government could fund it, and the big shipbuilders and contractors already trusted with such work would be paid.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It is a viewing or steering instrument aboard a ship, useful to the crew but only a part of the craft.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and established instrument makers supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. Giving a whole world air and a climate people can live in would open new land for a large share of humanity.

Who is paid. Only a government could fund work on a whole world, and the large engineering firms that already hold such contracts would be paid to do it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Using the water a ship already carries as a barrier against radiation is a clever layout of the hull, not a product by itself.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and shipbuilders fit it themselves since nothing stops others copying it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A suit that keeps a person alive in vacuum or thin air is vital to its wearer but serves only the few who work in space.

Who is paid. Space operators buy suits for their crews, and the few firms that already make such gear supply them since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It gathers knowledge about space or other worlds, which is valuable but which nobody buys as a product.

Who is paid. The findings cannot be charged for, so a government pays, and the builders that already hold science contracts supply it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a word or a way of doing things that needs no new equipment, not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Finding planets like ours by their light adds to knowledge and guides later voyages, with nothing to sell from it.

Who is paid. Nobody could be charged for the findings, so a government pays the instrument and probe builders that already hold such contracts.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A beam that pulls distant objects in would change towing, docking and cargo handling in space and perhaps on the ground.

Who is paid. Ship and port operators buy it, and once shown to work others could build it, so established equipment makers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. A new world to live on would add living room for a large share of humanity.

Who is paid. No private buyer could fund a world, so a government pays and the large builders that already hold public works contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is a word for the moment a rocket leaves the ground, not a product; the craft and the launch works are judged separately.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A sharper telescope is useful to observatories and ships, a specialist instrument.

Who is paid. Observatories and ship operators buy it, assumed here, and established instrument makers supply it because the idea is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. A new world to live on would add living room for a large share of humanity.

Who is paid. No private buyer could fund a world, so a government pays and the large builders that already hold public works contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Warming cold ground so people can live on it would open new land, though it warms patches of ground and does not remake a whole world's air.

Who is paid. Making land livable is a public work a government pays for, and once the device was known the builders that already hold such contracts could copy it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Thrusters that slow a craft are a necessary part of a spacecraft, not a product by themselves.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for them within the craft, and established engine makers supply them since they are easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. As described it records pictures of the sky for those studying or steering by the stars, a specialist instrument; the real thing spread far wider than this promise.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and established instrument makers supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Pushing rocks and other hazards away keeps a ship safe, but it is a safety fitting of the craft and not an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and once the field worked other shipbuilders could copy it, so established builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A small craft that pushes or tows larger ships is working gear around ports, a niche within space transport.

Who is paid. Port and ship operators buy it, and established small-craft builders could all make it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A suit that keeps a person alive in vacuum or thin air is vital to its wearer but serves only the few who work in space.

Who is paid. Space operators buy suits for their crews, and the few firms that already make such gear supply them since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A harbour where spacecraft unload is needed by the traffic it serves, but the prize lies in the transport and the port is a part of it.

Who is paid. Carriers pay to use it, and since another port could be built the gain goes to those who already hold the good berths and the fleets that call there.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A station for experiments yields knowledge more than goods, valuable but mostly not sold as a product.

Who is paid. Most findings cannot be charged for, so a government is assumed to pay, and the station builders that already hold science contracts supply it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Reading what a small world is made of from afar saves a wasted trip, a niche tool.

Who is paid. It is assumed to serve prospecting and not pure science, so mining firms buy it, and the established makers of probes and survey instruments could all copy it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Seeing inside a small rock before digging saves prospectors wasted effort, a niche tool.

Who is paid. Mining and prospecting firms buy it, and the established makers of survey instruments could all copy it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Holding air in place without walls would make settling airless worlds far cheaper than building domes.

Who is paid. Settlements are public works a government pays for, and once the field was known other builders could copy it, so established settlement builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Breathable air is essential aboard, but this is a fitting inside a craft or suit, not an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and the established builders of ships and suits supply it because the method is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A suit that keeps a person alive in vacuum is vital to its wearer but serves only the few who work in space.

Who is paid. Space operators buy suits for their crews, and the few firms that already make such gear supply them since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A vessel the size of a small world carrying a whole society is an enormous building project.

Who is paid. Only a government could fund it, and the big shipbuilders and contractors already trusted with such work would be paid.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It helps a spacewalker get around while weightless, a niche tool for a few workers.

Who is paid. Space operators buy it for their crews, and the makers of suits and space gear supply it because it is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A suit that keeps a person alive in a hostile place is vital to its wearer but serves only the few who work there.

Who is paid. Space operators buy suits for their crews, and the few firms that already make such gear supply them since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Warning of large objects ahead keeps a ship safe, but it is a fitting on the craft, not an industry.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the craft, and the firms that already make ship instruments supply it since the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Racing rocket craft for sport is a costly pastime for a few racers and those who watch them.

Who is paid. Racers buy the craft and crowds pay to watch, and since any yard could build a racing craft the established builders of small craft collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Soles that cling to the deck let crews walk without weight, a small piece of crew gear.

Who is paid. Ship operators buy them for crews, and it is a simple loose item that any workshop could make.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A vehicle for crossing the ground of another world is working gear for the few crews there.

Who is paid. No user is named, so a firm working on that world is assumed to buy it, and established vehicle builders could all make one.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Powered tracks on the boots help a suited worker move over ground, a small piece of crew gear.

Who is paid. Space operators pay for it within the suit, and the established suit makers supply it since any of them can copy it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A movable room holding the air a particular creature needs is a niche fitting for carrying unusual passengers.

Who is paid. Carriers and stations are assumed to buy it, and the established makers of life support could all build one.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Soles that stick to surfaces let crews walk without weight, a small piece of crew gear.

Who is paid. Ship operators buy them for crews, and it is a simple loose item that any workshop could make.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It protects crews during hard thrust, which matters only to the few who fly such ships.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as part of the craft, and the firms that already build ships and their fittings supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It protects crews during hard thrust, which matters only to the few who fly such ships.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as part of the craft, and the firms that already build ships and their fittings supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A jail on a bare rock is a costly way to do what prisons on the ground already do.

Who is paid. Only a government runs prisons, and the contractors that already build and supply them would be paid.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is a natural thing or event in space, not a product anyone makes or sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a way of flying or moving, not a product; the craft and gear that do it are judged under their own entries.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A place for many people to live and work beyond Earth is a building industry of its own.

Who is paid. A settlement is a public work a government pays for, and the big construction and space firms that already win such contracts would build it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is a natural thing or place in space, not something made or sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller collects.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Steering whole rocks to where they are wanted would serve mining and building in space, part of an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Mining and building firms are assumed to pay, and fixing engines to a rock is easy to copy, so the firms that already own ships and engines collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A gambling resort in orbit is a costly holiday for those who can afford the trip, a niche within leisure.

Who is paid. Visitors pay, and since another resort could be built the gain is assumed to go to the firms that already run casinos and hotels and own the ships that reach it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. It gathers knowledge about space or other worlds, which is valuable but which nobody buys as a product.

Who is paid. The findings cannot be charged for, so a government pays, and the builders that already hold science contracts supply it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. It protects crews during hard thrust, which matters only to the few who fly such ships.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it as part of the craft, and the firms that already build ships and their fittings supply it since others could copy the design.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Star maps are needed on every voyage but are a small part of its cost.

Who is paid. Ship operators buy them, and once the sky has been surveyed anyone can draw and print such maps, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A station where traders meet is a marketplace, useful to the trade that passes but only a place to deal.

Who is paid. Traders pay for berths and stalls, assumed here, and whoever already owns the station collects since a second post nearby would have to be built.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Working out hard mathematics by machine saves engineers and scientists time, which is a specialist tool.

Who is paid. Firms and laboratories buy it, and the methods are published for anyone to build, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. A machine that runs a whole society's affairs touches every person's food, work and safety.

Who is paid. I assume a machine that runs a whole society would be built as a public work, so a government pays, and the firms that already build large computing works for governments collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. This is a quality of a living species and not a technology anyone can buy.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller keeps anything.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. A machine that thinks as well as a person could do much of the work people now do, which changes how most people live and work.

Who is paid. Firms would pay to put it to work, and once one had been built others could learn to build their own, so I assume the firms that already own costly computing plant and sell to every business collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A channel for thinking machines to share ideas with each other is plumbing that makes them a little more useful.

Who is paid. Owners of the machines pay for it as part of them, and a way of exchanging messages is easy for any builder to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Cheap, compact and lasting storage for information is an industry of its own, since every computer needs it.

Who is paid. Computer makers and data keepers buy it, and because rivals soon match each design, the firms that already own the costly factories collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A machine that reads print aloud matters greatly to people who cannot see the page, but they are a small share of buyers.

Who is paid. People who cannot read print buy it, and once machines can read and speak many firms can make it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Letting any two people talk and read across languages opens up travel, trade and work, which is worth an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Travellers, migrants and other ordinary people buy it to use themselves, firms buy it too, and once it works many can offer it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. A machine that runs a whole society's affairs touches every person's food, work and safety.

Who is paid. I assume a machine that runs a whole society would be built as a public work, so a government pays, and the firms that already build large computing works for governments collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A viewer that shows what might have been, built from the user's own beliefs, is a curiosity and an entertainment.

Who is paid. Curious people pay for a look, and I assume that once one had been built others could learn to build their own, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. A machine that thinks as well as a person could do much of the work people now do, which changes how most people live and work.

Who is paid. Firms would pay to put it to work, and once one had been built others could learn to build their own, so I assume the firms that already own costly computing plant and sell to every business collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Talking to a machine or hearing it talk is a handy way to use a computer, not a new thing to do with one.

Who is paid. Firms build it into what they sell, and many can make it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A character for a machine is a pleasant feature laid on top of the thinking, not the thing people mainly pay for.

Who is paid. Firms that sell machines would buy it as a feature, and once machines can talk a persona is easy for anyone to write.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A machine with feelings of its own is a companion some would want, and I assume that is how the method reaches buyers.

Who is paid. Ordinary people pay, and once machines can feign or feel affection many can offer it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Working out paths and positions for navigators is a needed but narrow tool.

Who is paid. Ship and spacecraft operators buy it, the sums are easy to copy, and the trusted suppliers of ship equipment collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Working out paths and positions for navigators is a needed but narrow tool.

Who is paid. Ship and spacecraft operators buy it, the sums are easy to copy, and the trusted suppliers of ship equipment collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A machine that decided cases quickly and fairly would clear court queues and cut the cost of justice.

Who is paid. Only the state runs courts, so a government pays, and suppliers that already hold public contracts are best placed to sell it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Machines that can see and react can sort, inspect, drive and guard, which changes costs in many industries.

Who is paid. Firms that build and use robots pay for it, and the methods spread quickly so many can supply it and no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A beam only the intended receiver can pick up matters to those with secrets to keep, a narrow group.

Who is paid. Armed forces and space agencies pay for it, and since the method can be copied, the firms that already hold their radio contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Unlike the first television sets, this is a thinner form of a set people are assumed to have already, so the gain is a better screen, which is an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Households buy the sets, and since any electronics factory could copy the design, the firms that already own the factories, brands and shops collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. This is a forecast about how far television would spread, which is an event and not a thing anyone could buy.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold by the forecast itself; the sets and the broadcasts it speaks of are judged under their own names.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Seeing the person you talk to changes how families keep in touch and how firms meet.

Who is paid. Ordinary people buy it; the screens and cameras are easy to copy, so the firms that own the networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A flawless singer with no live performer would change the costs of the whole music trade.

Who is paid. Listeners pay, many could run such software, and because only the voice is replaced and not the songs, those who own the songs collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A light-sensitive cell is one part inside a camera, not a product people seek out.

Who is paid. Equipment makers buy it and many firms can make such cells, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Carrying messages between ships and worlds would be a telegraph industry for a settled solar system, assuming there are many people out there to serve.

Who is paid. Assuming it needs great stations, ship owners and firms trading between worlds pay for the traffic, the link is ordinary radio that others could build, and the carriers whose networks feed the stations collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A radio in a spacesuit is a needed part for the few people who work outside a ship.

Who is paid. Space agencies pay for it as part of the suit, and since it is an ordinary radio, the firms that already hold the suit contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Letting a scattered group meet by sound and picture saves firms a great deal of travel and is worth an industry.

Who is paid. Unlike a call between two people, a group meeting is mostly bought by firms for work, and as it is easy to copy, those that already own the networks and office software collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. Seeing distant events live at home changed how most people spend their evenings and learn the news.

Who is paid. Assuming the huge display stands for the home set and not a hall, households buy sets and pay for channels, and since sets are easy to copy, the firms that own the factories, the stations and the networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Seeing the person you are talking to is something most people now use, and it is worth an industry.

Who is paid. Ordinary people pay for the device and the line, and since many can make the device, the firms that already own the phone networks and handset brands collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A picture with true depth standing in the room would replace the flat screen and be worth an industry of its own; the real thing so far is smaller than this promise.

Who is paid. Households buy the sets, and since any electronics factory could copy the design, the firms that already own the factories, brands and shops collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Letting a scattered group meet by sound and picture saves firms a great deal of travel and is worth an industry.

Who is paid. Unlike a call between two people, a group meeting is mostly bought by firms for work, and as it is easy to copy, those that already own the networks and office software collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Assuming the planets are settled as in the story, a link between them carries all their trade and news.

Who is paid. Assuming it needs great stations, firms on each planet pay for the traffic, the beam is ordinary radio that others could build, and the carriers whose networks feed the stations collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. The shared radio channels are what every ship and planet needs in order to talk, so the right to use them is worth an industry.

Who is paid. Ship operators and broadcasters pay for channels, and since users cannot share a channel a government hands out a limited number of rights, which those who hold them can charge for.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Feeling what happens on screen is an extra on top of the cinema people already have.

Who is paid. Audiences pay at the box office, the equipment can be copied, and the studios and cinema chains that own the films and the halls collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Getting the news at the moment and place you choose is a convenience over waiting for the paper.

Who is paid. Readers pay; the machine is easy to copy, so the news firms that already gather the reports collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Smells on cue add a novelty to shows and homes.

Who is paid. I assumed households and showmen buy it; once shown, many firms could make one, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. Seeing distant events live at home changed how most people spend their evenings and learn the news.

Who is paid. Households buy sets and pay for channels, and since sets are easy to copy, the firms that own the factories, the stations and the networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A scope that sees much farther than glass alone serves astronomers and watchers, a narrow group.

Who is paid. I assume observatories and armed forces are the main buyers, and since others could build one, the firms that already supply such instruments collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A display with true depth seen from any side, working as the story promises and not as those built so far, would replace flat screens in homes and workplaces, which is an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Assuming it is sold as a general display and not only for ship plotting as in the story, households buy it and the existing screen makers, who own the factories and brands, collect because the design can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. This is a turn of the plot about how aliens talk, not a thing anyone could buy.

Who is paid. Nothing is made or sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Lessons that play without a live teacher would cut the cost of schooling and training.

Who is paid. Assuming families and learners buy the lessons themselves, and since a school subject belongs to nobody the way a novel or a song does and no certificate is described, anyone can record and sell lessons, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. A pocket device for talking across great distances changes how most people live and work.

Who is paid. People buy one each, handsets are easy to copy, and the firms that own the networks the calls travel over collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A hidden radio that is swallowed serves a niche of secret work; a pill passes through, so it is not an everyday phone.

Who is paid. I assumed spies and soldiers use it, so a government pays its usual suppliers of such equipment.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Talking across the stars with no delay would be the backbone of trade and rule between worlds, judged as if it worked, though it serves only those who live or work out there.

Who is paid. Assuming it needs great stations and not a pocket set, firms and governments with far-flung operations pay for the traffic, others could build the device once it is known to work, and the carriers whose networks feed the stations collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. An artificial world that feels real would be worth an entertainment industry of its own; I judged the full promise, which is larger than anything sold so far.

Who is paid. Ordinary people buy it; the machine can be copied once shown, so those who already own the stories and worlds people want to enter collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Radio between people in spacesuits is essential to the few who work in such suits and of no use to anyone else.

Who is paid. Assuming the suits are worn by space crews, a government pays, and the firms that already supply suits and radios to such programmes collect because the radio is easy to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Video calls between rooms or offices save some walking and some meetings.

Who is paid. Firms buy it for their offices, a screen and camera can be copied, and the electronics firms with the factories collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A huge thin screen showing live pictures is the big screen of halls, stadiums and public squares, an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Because this one faces an audience, venues and not households buy it, the design can be copied, and the electronics firms with the factories collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A large thin screen is the screen at the centre of most homes and offices, an industry of its own, and turning see-through is a feature of it.

Who is paid. Assuming it hangs in homes as well as shops and offices, people buy it, the design can be copied, and the electronics firms with the factories and brands collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. Judged on the promise of a phone worn on the wrist as the phone people carry everywhere, which changes how most people live and work, though the real ones arrived after the pocket phone and stayed an extra.

Who is paid. People buy one each, a wrist set is as easy to copy as a pocket handset, and the firms that own the networks the calls travel over collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. One even voice blended from many is a tool for announcements, smaller than making whole songs by machine.

Who is paid. Broadcasters and firms buy it and many could make it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A fixed loudspeaker system for speaking to people in public places is an ordinary piece of public equipment.

Who is paid. The authorities pay to install it in streets and squares, and since it is easy to make, the firms that already hold such supply contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Sending spoken orders only to chosen listeners is a command tool for fleets and forces, a narrow use.

Who is paid. I assume armed forces are the buyers, and since the method can be copied, the firms that already hold their radio contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Silencing advertisements is a pleasant convenience for viewers and nothing more.

Who is paid. Viewers buy the gadget and it is easy for any electronics firm to make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Assuming people live across vast distances, printed messages that cross them at once would be the backbone of trade and rule, an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Assuming it needs great stations and not a pocket set, firms and governments with far-flung operations pay for the traffic, others could build the device once it is known to work, and the carriers whose networks feed the stations collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A small ear device for coded radio messages is a convenience for those who need private messages.

Who is paid. People buy it for themselves and tiny ear radios are simple for many firms to make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Screens worn just in front of the eyes, working as promised, would take over much of what people now do on handheld screens.

Who is paid. People buy them for themselves, the design can be copied, and the electronics firms with the factories and brands collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Calling up a live view of any place would be worth an industry for travel, news and watching over things.

Who is paid. Assuming households buy the viewer and it needs no network of cameras that a single firm owns, others could build it once it is known to work, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A thin screen for the wall is the form nearly every display now takes and is an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Households buy the sets, and since any electronics factory could copy the design, the firms that already own the factories, brands and shops collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Any book in your hands almost at once would change what libraries and bookshops cost to run.

Who is paid. Assuming readers pay by fee or subscription, the delivery machinery can be copied, so the publishers who own the right to the books collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A sign in the sky is one more place to advertise, seen by those beneath it.

Who is paid. Advertisers pay, and assuming the sky stays open to whoever can put a sign there, as with messages thrown on the clouds, no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Portable recording and sending kit is a useful tool for one trade.

Who is paid. News firms buy it and many makers can build such kit, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Getting the news at the moment and place you choose is a convenience over waiting for the paper.

Who is paid. Readers pay; the machine is easy to copy, so the news firms that already gather the reports collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Taking photographs with depth is a pleasure for hobbyists and a tool for a few trades.

Who is paid. Keen photographers buy it, and since many can make such a camera, no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Writing down incoming radio calls by machine saves a clerk in a control room, which is a narrow saving.

Who is paid. Ship and rescue operators buy it, and since many can make such a recorder, no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Talking across the stars with no delay would be the backbone of trade and rule between worlds, judged as if it worked, though it serves only those who live or work out there.

Who is paid. Assuming it needs great stations and not a pocket set, firms and governments with far-flung operations pay for the traffic, others could build the device once it is known to work, and the carriers whose networks feed the stations collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Talking across the stars with no delay would be the backbone of trade and rule between worlds, judged as if it worked, though it serves only those who live or work out there.

Who is paid. Assuming it needs great stations and not a pocket set, firms and governments with far-flung operations pay for the traffic, others could build the device once it is known to work, and the carriers whose networks feed the stations collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Farm machines that work fields with nobody driving would cut the labour cost of growing food across farming.

Who is paid. Farmers buy them, and since many could build them the farm-equipment makers with dealers and repair networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Mechanical birds for a stage show are a prop for a single trade.

Who is paid. Theatres buy them, and any skilled prop workshop could make them.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A remote or flexible gripper is a useful tool for awkward jobs, but a niche.

Who is paid. Firms buy it for their own work, and such grippers and controls are easy for many makers to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A humanlike machine steered by radio is a remote tool for a few jobs where a person should not go.

Who is paid. Firms buy it for their own work, and such machines and their controls could be copied by many makers.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A machine that takes orders and carries dishes would remove much of the labour cost of running a restaurant.

Who is paid. Restaurant owners buy it, and since many could build one the catering-equipment makers with service networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Soft soles that quiet a robot's steps are a small feature of the machine.

Who is paid. Robot makers pay for it as a part of the machines they sell to firms, and any of them could fit it, so nothing extra is kept.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A pod with mechanical grabbers lets a person work outside a spacecraft, serving only the few who work there.

Who is paid. Firms working in space are assumed to buy them for their crews, and many makers could build such pods once the idea is shown.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Help with getting dressed alone is a convenience for most people, a narrower job than a full servant does.

Who is paid. Households buy it, and a machine that does this lone task is simple to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A giant machine that walks on jointed legs is given no job, so it is assumed to be a way of crossing rough ground, a niche.

Who is paid. Firms working in rough country are assumed to buy it, and as many could copy walking once it works the makers of heavy equipment with factories collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. The name says these remote hands work at very small scale, which the description does not deny, so they are judged as tiny hands that open up very fine assembly and surgery.

Who is paid. Factories and hospitals buy them, and as scaled-down remote hands can be copied the established makers of precision and medical equipment collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A robot that hauls passengers' luggage is a convenience aboard a liner.

Who is paid. Ship lines buy them for their passengers, and many makers could build such a carrier, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. Robots rising against their owners is an event and a hazard, not something anyone would buy.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, because machines that have broken free serve nobody.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A kiosk that sells newspapers without a seller is a convenience, and the real thing exists.

Who is paid. News firms and shopkeepers buy it, and many makers could build such a kiosk, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A fine sense of touch is a feature that lets a mechanical hand handle delicate things.

Who is paid. Robot makers pay for it as a part of the machines they sell to firms, and any of them could fit it, so nothing extra is kept.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Machinery that handles a few ship tasks unaided saves a crew some effort, a modest gain.

Who is paid. Ship operators pay for it within the price of the craft, and any shipbuilder can fit it, so nothing more is kept for it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A stiff frame that braces the body serves the few who work where their own strength is not enough.

Who is paid. Firms are assumed to buy them for their crews, and a stiff metal frame could be built by many makers.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A machine in the form of a newborn is assumed to be a toy or a comfort, a niche.

Who is paid. Households would buy it, and many toy makers could build the like, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. Machines everywhere stopping work is an event that harms society, not a thing anyone would buy.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller keeps anything.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. Mechanical workers that learn from experience could take on most kinds of human work, which would change how most people work.

Who is paid. Firms buy them as labour, and since many could build such bodies once shown how, the large manufacturers with factories and service networks collect what is left.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A city that runs and repairs itself would be a great public work, judged as built for the people of one place.

Who is paid. A government would pay for it, and the large builders that already win public works contracts would be paid to raise it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. A machine that truly reasons and reflects could do most kinds of human work, which would change how most people work.

Who is paid. Firms buy them as labour, and since many could build such bodies once shown how, the large manufacturers with factories and service networks collect what is left.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Lifelike skin over a frame is a finish that makes a robot look human, a feature of the machine.

Who is paid. Robot makers pay for it as a part of the machines they sell to firms, and any of them could fit it, so nothing extra is kept.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A reserved channel that can override every robot is a safety feature of the machines, not a product by itself.

Who is paid. Owners pay for it within the price of each robot, and every maker would be required to fit it, so nothing extra is kept.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. Machines that decline to serve are an event and a hazard, not something anyone would buy.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, because machines that answer to no one serve nobody.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. A machine that is aware of itself and reasons to its own conclusions is the thinking worker, which would change how most people work.

Who is paid. Firms buy them as labour, and since many could build such minds once shown how, the large manufacturers with factories and service networks collect what is left.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A plant that makes goods with no workers would change the cost of manufacturing.

Who is paid. Manufacturers buy the plant, and since others could build the same the established makers of factory equipment with works and service networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Farm machines that work fields with nobody driving would cut the labour cost of growing food across farming.

Who is paid. Farmers buy them, and since many could build them the farm-equipment makers with dealers and repair networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A machine that walks orchards and picks ripe fruit unaided would cut the labour cost of harvesting across fruit growing.

Who is paid. Farmers buy them, and since many could build them the farm-equipment makers with dealers and repair networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. The description gives only the human form, so it is assumed to be the artificial person of the stories, able to do most kinds of human work, which would change how most people work.

Who is paid. Firms buy them as labour, and since many could build such bodies once shown how, the large manufacturers with factories and service networks collect what is left.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. A robot that thinks for itself could do most kinds of human work, which would change how most people work.

Who is paid. Firms buy them as labour, and since many could build such bodies once shown how, the large manufacturers with factories and service networks collect what is left.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Very small cameras that let distant flying machines see are a part of those machines, and the real thing exists.

Who is paid. Makers of flying machines pay for them as a part, and many firms can make small cameras, so nothing extra is kept.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A machine shaped and acting like a dog is judged as a pet or toy, since the description gives it no work.

Who is paid. Households buy it much like a toy, and many workshops could make one, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A machine with parts as small as atoms could do work too fine for any other tool, worth an industry; the description gives it no job and nothing says it copies itself.

Who is paid. Firms doing fine work are assumed to buy it, and since others could copy it once shown the makers of precision equipment collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A camera that moves or flies by itself is a handy tool for filming and looking, a niche where the real thing exists.

Who is paid. Film crews, news desks and surveyors buy them, and many firms can make them, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Frames that let people walk under a heavier pull serve only the few who work on such worlds.

Who is paid. Firms working there buy them for their crews, and powered frames could be built by many makers once the idea is shown.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Company for lonely people is worth an industry of its own, though it does not meet a basic need for most.

Who is paid. People buy it for themselves, and as many could make such machines the firms with factories and well-liked brands collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A hovering stand-in for someone who cannot breathe the local air serves a few travellers.

Who is paid. Hotels and firms that host such visitors are assumed to buy it, and such machines and their controls could be copied by many makers.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Machines that imitate living animals are pets, toys and curiosities.

Who is paid. Households buy them much like toys, and many workshops could make them, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A home robot that cooks the family's meals would take over the large daily chore.

Who is paid. Families buy it, and since it can be copied the kitchen-appliance makers with factories, shops and brands collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A robot body steered from afar through its own eyes lets a person act at a distance, judged here as a tool for awkward or risky work.

Who is paid. Firms buy it for their own work, and such bodies and controls are easy for many makers to copy.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Help with getting dressed alone is a convenience for most people, a narrower job than a full servant does.

Who is paid. Households buy it, and a machine that does this lone task is simple to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. Running on sunlight is a way of powering a robot, a feature of the machine.

Who is paid. Owners pay for it within the price of the machine, and any maker could fit it.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Giving sight back to blind people is worth an industry of its own, though most people would never need it.

Who is paid. Patients would pay, mostly through insurers or health services, and once the design was known other device makers could copy it, so established implant makers and eye clinics collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. A machine that examines, diagnoses and treats would bring a doctor's care within reach of nearly everyone.

Who is paid. I assumed hospitals and clinics buy it; once built others could copy it, so established makers of medical equipment collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Building living things from plain chemicals would give farming, medicine and industry organisms made to order.

Who is paid. Firms would buy such organisms for their work, and once the method was known other laboratories could repeat it, so established chemical and drug makers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A painless chosen death matters deeply to the few who seek it, but it is a narrow service.

Who is paid. The person or family would pay, and I assumed the law would let only a few approved providers offer it, so those providers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Speeding up evolution would let breeders and laboratories get new living things quickly.

Who is paid. I assumed breeders and laboratories buy it; once the machine existed other equipment makers could copy it, so established laboratory suppliers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Restarting a stopped heart after apparent death would save many lives in emergencies.

Who is paid. Hospitals and ambulance services would buy it, and a new drug is protected from copying for a while, so its maker keeps what is left.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is a natural change in a living thing, not something made or sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A small prize. A lamp standing in for sunshine is a household good for people who lack daylight, which I assumed is a minority.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and lamps are simple things many firms can make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Shaping a child before birth to be healthier and abler is something many parents would pay dearly for.

Who is paid. I assumed parents pay rather than the state as in the story; the methods could be copied, so established fertility clinics collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Carrying a child outside the body would spare mothers the risks of pregnancy and open parenthood to people who cannot carry a child.

Who is paid. Would-be parents would pay, and other laboratories could copy the chamber once it worked, so established fertility clinics collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Turning out many identical people to order would give a state its workforce, though few societies would allow it.

Who is paid. In the story the state runs it; the method is simple to copy, so the laboratories and suppliers already serving such hatcheries collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. It serves only people who work in space or under unusual gravity, which is a niche.

Who is paid. I assumed employers and space carriers buy it for their crews; a new drug is protected from copying for a while, so its maker keeps what little is left.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Calming the heart and nerves helps people with certain conditions, a useful but ordinary medicine.

Who is paid. Patients would buy it, and drugs of this kind are old and many firms can make them, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. Staying awake while ageing almost stops is, in effect, a way of holding off old age, which nearly everyone would want.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and I assumed it is a new treatment protected from copying for a long while, so its maker keeps much of the gain.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. I took keeping the body intact and working without decay to mean holding off old age, which is about the deepest need there is.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and a new medicine is protected from copying for a long while, so its maker keeps much of the gain.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. A deadly fungus is a hazard, not a product.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so no seller keeps anything.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Destroying diseased tissue while sparing the healthy would treat tumours and infections without surgery.

Who is paid. I assumed clinics buy it and, following the story, that the crystals are a rare find that cannot be manufactured, so whoever controls the supply keeps what is left.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Growing a person to adulthood very quickly would let a state fill its ranks at will, which no family would want for a child.

Who is paid. I assumed a government runs it, since the description does not say who would; the method could be copied, so the laboratories and suppliers serving it collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is a living thing that arises by chance, not something made or sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Flawless operations done by machine would change the costs and reach of surgery.

Who is paid. Hospitals would buy it, and other firms could build such machines, so established makers of surgical equipment collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. Giving back youthful vigour is in effect holding off old age, which nearly everyone alive would want.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and a new medicine is protected from copying for a long while, so its maker keeps much of the gain.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Growing enhanced people would be worth an industry if allowed; assumed families are the buyers.

Who is paid. Families pay, and established fertility clinics collect because the tank could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Creatures bred for heavy work would change the costs of building, mining and hauling.

Who is paid. Firms would buy them for labour, and living stock can be bred on by whoever holds some, so established breeders and suppliers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. This is a living creature in the story, not a technology anyone makes and sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so no seller keeps anything.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Giving sight back to blind people is worth an industry of its own, though most people would never need it.

Who is paid. Patients would pay, mostly through insurers or health services, and once the design was known other device makers could copy it, so established implant makers and eye clinics collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A germ that harms only a chosen pest would change the cost of protecting crops and controlling disease carriers.

Who is paid. I assumed farmers and pest controllers buy it and not armies; germs can be cultured by many, so established farm chemical firms with the sales networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Keeping a removed brain alive in transit serves a very rare kind of operation.

Who is paid. Hospitals would buy it, and makers of organ transport equipment could build it, so those firms collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. This is a living creature in the story, not a technology anyone makes and sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so no seller keeps anything.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Knowing the day of your death would upend life insurance and how people plan their lives.

Who is paid. People would pay for a reading, and in the story only the inventor knows how the machine works, so he keeps what is left for as long as the secret holds.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Finer surgical instruments are a useful tool for a specialised trade.

Who is paid. Hospitals pay, and established makers of surgical instruments collect since the tool can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Operations done by machine would change the costs and reach of surgery.

Who is paid. Hospitals would buy the suite, and other firms could build such machines, so established makers of surgical equipment collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Removing chosen memories would be worth an industry; here the aim is room for fresh learning rather than easing pain, which the story takes on trust.

Who is paid. Patients would pay, the method could be copied once known, and the clinics and medicine firms already trusted with such care would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Pooling the thinking of a whole team into a single mind would be worth an industry to those with hard problems to solve.

Who is paid. Unlike a merging that simply happens, this is a made device; I assume firms and laboratories would buy it for their teams, and once seen it could be copied, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Giving sight to blind people would be an industry of its own and would change their lives.

Who is paid. Blind people and their families would pay, often through their health cover, and the hospitals and makers of medical devices would collect since the device could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. The story does not say what it does; I assumed from the name a device for controlling captives, which is a narrow use.

Who is paid. A government would pay, and the firms that already supply prisons and security services could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Passing thoughts from mind to mind faster is a new way to talk, and speech and telephones already do the job for nearly everyone.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would buy it for themselves, and once one maker had it others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is an illness of long voyages, not something made that anyone would buy.

Who is paid. Nothing is made or sold here, so there is no buyer and no seller.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Lessons felt as full living scenes would improve schooling, but the learner still learns at something like an ordinary pace.

Who is paid. Learners and families would pay, and once a first firm had built it others could copy the device and many could make the scenes, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Showing others the pictures in your own mind is a novelty and an aid to explaining.

Who is paid. The wearer shows their own thoughts willingly, so people would buy it for themselves, and many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Counting votes is already done cheaply, so reading each choice from the mind is a convenience for election officials.

Who is paid. The state pays for its elections, and the firms that already supply voting machines would collect since the machine could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. Learning during sleep would add to schooling rather than replace it, which is worth an industry but not a new way of life; unlike the knowledge-loading machines it teaches at the ordinary pace.

Who is paid. Learners would buy it for themselves, and a player and recordings are easy for anyone to make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A giant machine driven by a living brain is above all an engine of war or heavy work.

Who is paid. Unlike the plain brain in a metal body, I assumed an army buys this giant, and the firms that already build its war machines could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Reshaping character and temperament on request would treat troubles that no medicine now reaches.

Who is paid. Patients would pay, the drug could be copied, and the hospitals and medicine firms already doing such work would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. An honest reading of what someone feels is a useful instrument for doctors, hirers and sellers, but a niche.

Who is paid. I assumed clinics and firms buy it, and an instrument like this is easy for other makers to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Showing others what you remember or picture is a new kind of camera, a pleasure and a keepsake rather than a need.

Who is paid. Unlike the probes used on unwilling subjects, I assumed this is used by a willing person to show a scene to others, so ordinary people would buy it, and once one maker had it others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A mechanical body for a living brain would be an industry of its own for the dying and the badly injured.

Who is paid. People would pay to go on living this way, and the hospitals and makers of bodies that already have the surgeons and workshops would collect, since the method itself can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. Loading great stores of knowledge straight into the brain would replace years of schooling and training for most people.

Who is paid. Learners and families would pay for it themselves, and once a first firm had built it others could copy it and many could supply the lessons, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Replaying a memory backward is a curiosity with few uses.

Who is paid. I assumed a few curious people buy it for themselves, and nothing stops others making it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Keeping a brain alive and able to talk after the body fails would be an industry of its own for the dying.

Who is paid. People would pay to go on living this way, and the hospitals that already have the surgeons and life-support wards would collect, since the method could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Telephones and letters already carry messages, so sending them mind to mind is a convenience.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and once it existed many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Sharpening performance at will would lift the work of anyone who uses their head, worth an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Workers and students would buy it for themselves, and once one maker had it others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. It saves only the time of sitting through a film, which is a convenience.

Who is paid. Film-goers would buy the pills, and since the pill could be copied the owners of the films would collect; unlike other planted memories this gives only a film.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Walking on air lets a person climb without stairs, which is a marvel and a convenience but moves nobody far.

Who is paid. People buy a pair for themselves, and once the trick is known any shoemaker could fit it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A private vehicle that flies its owner over the roads would be an industry of its own, though it mostly replaces trips people already make by car.

Who is paid. Owners buy it as they buy a car, and once it works many firms could build it, so the vehicle makers that already have factories, dealers and repair networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. An aircraft that flies on sunlight alone needs no fuel, which changes the costs of flying; I assume it carries passengers and freight, unlike the pilotless sunlight scout judged small elsewhere, and I judge the promise though the real thing carries very little.

Who is paid. Airlines and other operators pay for it through the aircraft, and the established aircraft builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. Wheels that roll any way make parking and turning easier, which is a convenience.

Who is paid. Owners pay for them through the price of the vehicle, and the tyre and vehicle makers that already have factories and dealers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. Sending things instantly across any distance would replace most shipping and haulage, which changes how most people are supplied and how most firms work; this one sends people too.

Who is paid. I assume carriers and traders pay to send people and goods through, and once a firm had built it others could, so the carriers and builders that already own the depots, the ports and the customers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. A vehicle on many legs can cross ground that stops wheels, which matters in a few rough places.

Who is paid. Firms and armies working on rough ground buy it, and once walking machines work many builders could make them, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. The belt built for stations and long halls turned out a convenience, but the story sets it against the fixed pavement as the way people get about a town, and a moving pavement in place of streets would change the cost of getting about a city.

Who is paid. I assume a town pays for it as a public way, as with the other moving streets, and the large builders that already hold such contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Judged as a working way to travel and signal faster than light, it would found an industry of its own, though few people would ever make the trip.

Who is paid. Carriers and shipping firms buy the ships, as they do in the other star drive entries, and once the drive is known others could build it, so the established ship builders collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A private vehicle that flies its owner over the roads would be an industry of its own, though it mostly replaces trips people already make by car.

Who is paid. Owners buy it as they buy a car, and once it works many firms could build it, so the vehicle makers that already have factories, dealers and repair networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A vast prize. Sending things instantly across any distance would replace most shipping and haulage, which changes how most people are supplied and how most firms work.

Who is paid. Traders and carriers pay, since the description sends objects and not people, which is why the payer differs from the booths for travellers; once a firm had built it others could, so the carriers and builders that already own the depots and the customers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. Sending things instantly across any distance would replace most shipping and haulage, which changes how most people are supplied and how most firms work.

Who is paid. Traders and carriers pay, since the description sends objects and not people, which is why the payer differs from the booths for travellers; once a firm had built it others could, so the carriers and builders that already own the depots and the customers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Fast capsules in sealed tubes would rival trains and aircraft on their routes, which changes the cost of travel between cities.

Who is paid. Governments pay for a public way of this size, and the large builders that already hold such contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Crossing the world in a short arc through the edge of space would be an industry of its own beside the airlines.

Who is paid. The carrier or fleet operator that runs the rocket service buys it and charges riders, and since several firms could build it, the makers that already build and service such craft collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A private aircraft used like a car for daily trips would be an industry of its own, though it mostly replaces trips people already make by car.

Who is paid. Owners buy it as they buy a car, and once it works many firms could build it, so the vehicle makers that already have factories, dealers and repair networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A plain pavement is only named here against the moving kind, yet safe places to walk serve nearly everyone in a town.

Who is paid. Towns pay for pavements as public works, and though paving is easy to do, the road builders that already hold the towns' contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. A car that needs no driver gives back the hours spent at the wheel and opens car travel to people who cannot drive, which is worth an industry of its own; the signal only calls the car to its owner.

Who is paid. Owners buy it, and since several firms can build a driving system once it is shown to work, the car makers that already own factories, dealers and repair networks collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A vast prize. Sending things instantly across any distance would replace most shipping and haulage, which changes how most people are supplied and how most firms work; this one reaches other planets and sends people too.

Who is paid. I assume carriers and traders pay to send people and goods through, and once a firm had built it others could, so the carriers and builders that already own the depots, the ports and the customers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A large prize. Taking the driver out of road freight changes the costs of the whole haulage industry.

Who is paid. Haulage firms buy it, and since several firms can build a driving system once it is shown to work, the truck makers and hauliers that already own factories, fleets and customers collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

A large prize. A moving walkway between cities would replace trains and roads on its route, which would change the cost of travel there.

Who is paid. Governments pay for a public way of this size, and the large builders that already hold such contracts collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

A small prize. An electric motor makes a boat quieter and cleaner but it does the same job as before.

Who is paid. Boat owners buy it, and any boatyard can fit an electric motor, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.