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Futures · kind of technology

Mind and neurotechnology

Dated forecasts about this kind of technology from the singularity reading list, then every idea of this kind in the order stories first imagined it.

Illustration for Mind and neurotechnologyIllustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Dated forecasts

  • Bostrom suggests the understanding needed to simulate the neocortex efficiently may exist between 2004 and 2008.

    Nick Bostrom · 2004 to 2008 · might · the knowledge might be available by 2004 to 2008

    From How Long Before Superintelligence?, Nick Bostrom, 1998

  • Kurzweil expects nanobots around 2030 to link neurons to fast virtual connections, merging biological and machine intelligence to expand thinking.

    Ray Kurzweil · 2030

    From The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, Ray Kurzweil, 2005

  • Kurzweil expects people around 2030 to broadcast their complete sensory and emotional experience for others to live through.

    Ray Kurzweil · 2030 · circa 2030 will beam their entire flow of sensory experiences

    From The Law of Accelerating Returns, Ray Kurzweil, 2001; The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, Ray Kurzweil, 2005

  • Bostrom thinks the brain science required to build human-level AI could plausibly be in hand by 2012.

    Nick Bostrom · by 2012 · perhaps · might be obtained in perhaps fifteen years from now, i.e. by year 2012

    From How Long Before Superintelligence?, Nick Bostrom, 1998

  • Sandberg and Bostrom expect electron microscopes with around a thousand parallel beams, each at current speed, to be feasible by 2018.

    Anders Sandberg and Nick Bostrom · by 2018 · appears reachable within the next ten years

    From Whole Brain Emulation: A Roadmap, Anders Sandberg & Nick Bostrom, 2008

  • David Dalrymple, who gave his work on the roundworm C. elegans a two-to-three-year horizon, would be extremely surprised if it were still unsolved in 2020.

    David Dalrymple · by 2020

    From Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies, Nick Bostrom, 2014

  • Kurzweil expects working models and simulations of all the brain's major information-processing regions to exist by 2025.

    Ray Kurzweil · by 2025

    From The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, Ray Kurzweil, 2005

  • Sandberg and Bostrom projected that a billion-dollar supercomputer could run a molecule-level brain simulation by 2030.

    Anders Sandberg and Nick Bostrom · by 2030

    From The Singularity Is Nearer, Ray Kurzweil, 2024

  • Kurzweil expects blood-cell-sized nanobots to be workable by 2030, with scanning the brain from inside as a leading use.

    Ray Kurzweil · by 2030 · technology will be viable, and brain scanning will be a prominent application · on the prediction ledger

    From The Law of Accelerating Returns, Ray Kurzweil, 2001; The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, Ray Kurzweil, 2005

  • Sandberg and Bostrom projected that brain simulation down to each neuron's individual proteins would be within reach of a billion-dollar machine by 2034.

    Anders Sandberg and Nick Bostrom · by 2034

    From The Singularity Is Nearer, Ray Kurzweil, 2024

  • Kurzweil argues that within roughly two decades machines will be able to emulate human brains in all respects people care about.

    Ray Kurzweil · by 2044

    From The Singularity Is Nearer, Ray Kurzweil, 2024

  • Kurzweil expects the scanning and computing tools needed to simulate an entire human brain to be available during the 2020s.

    Ray Kurzweil · the 2020s · confident

    From The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, Ray Kurzweil, 2005

  • Kurzweil is confident that working computer models of each part of the brain will exist by the late 2020s.

    Ray Kurzweil · the 2020s · confident

    From The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, Ray Kurzweil, 2005

  • Kurzweil expects the upper layers of the human neocortex to be wired straight into the cloud during the 2030s.

    Ray Kurzweil · the 2030s · on the prediction ledger

    From The Singularity Is Nearer, Ray Kurzweil, 2024

  • Kurzweil puts the computing, memory and scanning prerequisites for uploading a human mind in the early 2030s.

    Ray Kurzweil · the 2030s

    From The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, Ray Kurzweil, 2005

Imagined, oldest first

How large a prize, and which seller keeps the rest

Each idea is judged as if it worked the way its story promises: how large a prize it would be, who would pay, and which seller would keep what is left once buyers have had their gain. Choose a cell to see only those ideas; each count is the cards that cell shows. Every placing is a model's judgement, not a reading.

SellerA vast prizeA large prizeA small prizeNo prize
No seller keeps much
The maker keeps the rest
Existing firms keep the rest
Permit holders keep the rest
Nothing is sold

Illustration of Cogitator (The Chair of Reflection): A seat that makes whoever sits in it think more clearly and logically.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Cogitator (The Chair of Reflection)

The Consolidator, Daniel Defoe · 1705

A seat that makes whoever sits in it think more clearly and logically.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Thinking more clearly at will would lift the work of anyone who uses their head, worth an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Workers and students would buy it for themselves, and once one maker had it others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Glow-Worm Living: A daily rhythm that breaks rest into short naps between stretches of work and leisure.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Glow-Worm Living

In the Deep of Time, George Parsons Lathrop · 1897

A daily rhythm that breaks rest into short naps between stretches of work and leisure.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2020s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. This is a daily routine of naps and waking, not a thing that can be made and sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller keeps anything.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Hypnobioscope: Teaches people new material while they sleep.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Hypnobioscope

Ralph 124c 41 +, Hugo Gernsback · 1911

Teaches people new material while they sleep.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Learning during sleep would add to schooling rather than replace it, which is worth an industry but not a new way of life; unlike the knowledge-loading machines it teaches at the ordinary pace.

Who is paid. Learners would buy it for themselves, and a player and recordings are easy for anyone to make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Menograph (Mind-Writer): Reads what someone is thinking and prints it as written text.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Menograph (Mind-Writer)

Ralph 124c 41 +, Hugo Gernsback · 1911

Reads what someone is thinking and prints it as written text.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2030s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Writing by thought is a convenience, since keyboards and speech already do the job.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would get it inside gadgets they buy, and once it works it is easy to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Psycho-Phone: Captures a person's thoughts and replays them later.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Psycho-Phone

A Biological Experiment, David H. Keller · 1928

Captures a person's thoughts and replays them later.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Keeping your own thoughts to play back later is a notebook that needs no writing, a convenience.

Who is paid. The user records their own thoughts, so people would buy it for themselves, and many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Brain Placed In Metal Body: A living human brain kept alive by machinery and housed inside a mechanical body it controls.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Brain Placed In Metal Body

The Comet Doom, Edmond Hamilton · 1929

A living human brain kept alive by machinery and housed inside a mechanical body it controls.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A machine body for a living brain would give the dying more years, though few would choose such a life.

Who is paid. The dying and their families would pay, and hospitals and makers of medical machinery could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Diagnostic Type Sense Transmitter: A link that lets a physician experience a patient's bodily sensations firsthand to help pin down what is wrong.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Diagnostic Type Sense Transmitter

The Sky Maniac, Henri Dahl Juve · 1929

A link that lets a physician experience a patient's bodily sensations firsthand to help pin down what is wrong.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A small prizeBusinesses pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Letting a doctor feel what the patient feels is one more aid to diagnosis among many.

Who is paid. Hospitals and clinics would buy it, and the makers of medical equipment who already sell to them could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Hypnotelevisor: A headset that reads what a person remembers and shows those recalled scenes as pictures on a visor screen.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Hypnotelevisor

Buck Rogers, 2430 AD, Philip Nowlan (w/D. Calkins · 1929

A headset that reads what a person remembers and shows those recalled scenes as pictures on a visor screen.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Showing others what you remember or picture is a new kind of camera, a pleasure and a keepsake rather than a need.

Who is paid. Unlike the probes used on unwilling subjects, I assumed this headset is worn by a willing person to show their own recollections, so ordinary people would buy it, and once one maker had it others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Overmind: A merged awareness formed when many separate individuals' thinking is absorbed into one greater intelligence.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Overmind

The Chemical Brain, Francis Flagg · 1929

A merged awareness formed when many separate individuals' thinking is absorbed into one greater intelligence.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. As described it is a merging of minds with no made device behind it, a way of being and not a product.

Who is paid. I assume nothing made or sold causes the merging, since the description names none, so there is no buyer and no seller.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Brain Rejuvenation: Selectively wiping unneeded memories to free the mind for fresh learning.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Brain Rejuvenation

The Message From Space, David M. Speaker · 1930

Selectively wiping unneeded memories to free the mind for fresh learning.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Removing chosen memories would be worth an industry; here the aim is room for fresh learning rather than easing pain, which the story takes on trust.

Who is paid. Patients would pay, the method could be copied once known, and the clinics and medicine firms already trusted with such care would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Ring-Table: A circular apparatus that fuses the thoughts of everyone seated at it into one shared intelligence.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Ring-Table

The Universe Wreckers, Edmond Hamilton · 1930

A circular apparatus that fuses the thoughts of everyone seated at it into one shared intelligence.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeBusinesses pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Pooling the thinking of a whole team into a single mind would be worth an industry to those with hard problems to solve.

Who is paid. Unlike a merging that simply happens, this is a made device; I assume firms and laboratories would buy it for their teams, and once seen it could be copied, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Spectrumoscope: A device that feeds images straight into the visual areas of the brain so blind people can see.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Spectrumoscope

Flamingo: A Drama of A.D. 1950, Clarence Edward Heller · 1930

A device that feeds images straight into the visual areas of the brain so blind people can see.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2030s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Giving sight to blind people would be an industry of its own and would change their lives.

Who is paid. Blind people and their families would pay, often through their health cover, and the hospitals and makers of medical devices would collect since the device could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Control Disk: A device from the story whose function the source leaves undescribed.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Control Disk

The Slave Ship From Space, A.R. Holmes · 1931

A device from the story whose function the source leaves undescribed.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A small prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. The story does not say what it does; I assumed from the name a device for controlling captives, which is a narrow use.

Who is paid. A government would pay, and the firms that already supply prisons and security services could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Mechanical Thought Transformers: Equipment that speeds the transfer of thoughts from one mind to another.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mechanical Thought Transformers

The Conquest of Gola, L.F. Stone · 1931

Equipment that speeds the transfer of thoughts from one mind to another.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Passing thoughts from mind to mind faster is a new way to talk, and speech and telephones already do the job for nearly everyone.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would buy it for themselves, and once one maker had it others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Space Madness: Describes the mental breakdown that long, dull, isolated voyages between worlds can bring on in crews.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Space Madness

A Daring Trip To Mars, Max Valier · 1931

Describes the mental breakdown that long, dull, isolated voyages between worlds can bring on in crews.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2020s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is an illness of long voyages, not something made that anyone would buy.

Who is paid. Nothing is made or sold here, so there is no buyer and no seller.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Telepadion Instructor: A teaching device that feeds a full sensory scene straight into the learner's nervous system.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Telepadion Instructor

An Adventure on Eros, J. Harvey Haggard · 1931

A teaching device that feeds a full sensory scene straight into the learner's nervous system.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Lessons felt as full living scenes would improve schooling, but the learner still learns at something like an ordinary pace.

Who is paid. Learners and families would pay, and once a first firm had built it others could copy the device and many could make the scenes, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Thought Screen: A wearable display that shows the pictures in its wearer's mind.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Thought Screen

The Emperor of the Stars, Nat Schachner (w. AL Zagat · 1931

A wearable display that shows the pictures in its wearer's mind.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Showing others the pictures in your own mind is a novelty and an aid to explaining.

Who is paid. The wearer shows their own thoughts willingly, so people would buy it for themselves, and many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Thought-receptor Vote-counting Machine: A ballot machine that tallies each citizen's choice by reading their mind directly.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Thought-receptor Vote-counting Machine

If The Sun Died, R.F. Starzl · 1931

A ballot machine that tallies each citizen's choice by reading their mind directly.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A small prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Counting votes is already done cheaply, so reading each choice from the mind is a convenience for election officials.

Who is paid. The state pays for its elections, and the firms that already supply voting machines would collect since the machine could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Hypnopædia (Sleep-Teaching): Teaches people factual lessons by playing them recordings while they are asleep.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Hypnopædia (Sleep-Teaching)

Brave New World, Aldous Huxley · 1932

Teaches people factual lessons by playing them recordings while they are asleep.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Learning during sleep would add to schooling rather than replace it, which is worth an industry but not a new way of life; unlike the knowledge-loading machines it teaches at the ordinary pace.

Who is paid. Learners would buy it for themselves, and a player and recordings are easy for anyone to make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Iron Man Robot With Human Brain: A giant machine body driven by a living human brain kept in a tank inside it.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Iron Man Robot With Human Brain

Iron Man, Paul Ernst · 1933

A giant machine body driven by a living human brain kept in a tank inside it.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A giant machine driven by a living brain is above all an engine of war or heavy work.

Who is paid. Unlike the plain brain in a metal body, I assumed an army buys this giant, and the firms that already build its war machines could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Hypomatrin

The Confession of Dr. DeKalb, Stanton A. Coblentz · 1934

A drug given into the spine numbs the patient while doctors reshape character and temperament.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Reshaping character and temperament on request would treat troubles that no medicine now reaches.

Who is paid. Patients would pay, the drug could be copied, and the hospitals and medicine firms already doing such work would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Emotion Meter: An instrument that reads a person's feelings objectively and reports them as measurable values.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Emotion Meter

The Emotion Meter, W. Varick Nevins, III · 1935

An instrument that reads a person's feelings objectively and reports them as measurable values.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2030s

A small prizeBusinesses pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. An honest reading of what someone feels is a useful instrument for doctors, hirers and sellers, but a niche.

Who is paid. I assumed clinics and firms buy it, and an instrument like this is easy for other makers to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Horsten Psychomat: A device reads a remembered or imagined scene from someone's mind and displays it for others to watch.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Horsten Psychomat

The Worlds of If, Stanley G. Weinbaum · 1935

A device reads a remembered or imagined scene from someone's mind and displays it for others to watch.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Showing others what you remember or picture is a new kind of camera, a pleasure and a keepsake rather than a need.

Who is paid. Unlike the probes used on unwilling subjects, I assumed this is used by a willing person to show a scene to others, so ordinary people would buy it, and once one maker had it others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Robot With Human's Brain: A living human brain housed inside a mechanical body.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Robot With Human's Brain

Revenge of the Robot, Otis Adelbert Kline · 1936

A living human brain housed inside a mechanical body.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A mechanical body for a living brain would be an industry of its own for the dying and the badly injured.

Who is paid. People would pay to go on living this way, and the hospitals and makers of bodies that already have the surgeons and workshops would collect, since the method itself can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Teaching Machine: A headset that loads vast knowledge straight into the wearer's brain.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Teaching Machine

The Return of the Murians, Nat Schachner · 1936

A headset that loads vast knowledge straight into the wearer's brain.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Loading great stores of knowledge straight into the brain would replace years of schooling and training for most people.

Who is paid. Learners and families would pay for it themselves, and once a first firm had built it others could copy it and many could supply the lessons, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Automatic Reversed Memory: A device that triggers a person's recollections and replays them backward.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Automatic Reversed Memory

Brain Control, Dave Cummins · 1937

A device that triggers a person's recollections and replays them backward.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Replaying a memory backward is a curiosity with few uses.

Who is paid. I assumed a few curious people buy it for themselves, and nothing stops others making it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Control Helmet: A headset that forces a whole population to share the wearer's thoughts and feelings.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Control Helmet

Easy Money, Edmond Hamilton · 1938

A headset that forces a whole population to share the wearer's thoughts and feelings.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Preserved Brains: Keeping a brain alive outside the body and exchanging messages with it.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Preserved Brains

Murder in the Void, Edmond Hamilton · 1938

Keeping a brain alive outside the body and exchanging messages with it.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Keeping a brain alive and able to talk after the body fails would be an industry of its own for the dying.

Who is paid. People would pay to go on living this way, and the hospitals that already have the surgeons and life-support wards would collect, since the method could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Psychode: Passes messages directly between minds without speech or writing.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Psychode

The Infinite Enemy, Jack Williamson · 1938

Passes messages directly between minds without speech or writing.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Telephones and letters already carry messages, so sending them mind to mind is a convenience.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and once it existed many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Electric Brain Stimulator: Syncs the wearer's brain rhythms with an outside machine to sharpen performance.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Electric Brain Stimulator

Ben Gleed, King of Speed, Don Wilcox · 1939

Syncs the wearer's brain rhythms with an outside machine to sharpen performance.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2020s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Sharpening performance at will would lift the work of anyone who uses their head, worth an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Workers and students would buy it for themselves, and once one maker had it others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Movie Pill: A tablet that leaves you with memories of a film you never watched.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Movie Pill

Ben Gleed, King of Speed, Don Wilcox · 1939

A tablet that leaves you with memories of a film you never watched.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A small prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. It saves only the time of sitting through a film, which is a convenience.

Who is paid. Film-goers would buy the pills, and since the pill could be copied the owners of the films would collect; unlike other planted memories this gives only a film.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Neuronic Control Apparatus: An outside unit that talks to a brain implant to see through and command its host.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Neuronic Control Apparatus

Masson's Secret, Raymond Z. Gallun · 1939

An outside unit that talks to a brain implant to see through and command its host.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Neuronic Receptor-Transmitter: A brain implant that broadcasts what the host sees and hears and lets someone else steer the body.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Neuronic Receptor-Transmitter

Masson's Secret, Raymond Z. Gallun · 1939

A brain implant that broadcasts what the host sees and hears and lets someone else steer the body.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Dream-Adventures: Entertainment experiences fed straight into the sleeping mind, rivalling cinema as popular leisure.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Dream-Adventures

Doom Over Venus, Edmond Hamilton · 1940

Entertainment experiences fed straight into the sleeping mind, rivalling cinema as popular leisure.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Stories lived as experience would rival film and games as popular leisure, as the story promises.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would pay for each experience, the machine could be copied, and the studios that own the stories and the names people know would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Dream-House: A venue where customers have vivid adventure dreams planted in their heads.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Dream-House

Doom Over Venus, Edmond Hamilton · 1940

A venue where customers have vivid adventure dreams planted in their heads.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. This is the venue rather than the machine, but it sells the same thing: dreamed adventures that rival film as popular leisure.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would pay for each experience, the machine could be copied, and the studios that own the stories and the names people know would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Dream-Machine: A machine that broadcasts identical mass-produced dreams into sleepers' heads.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Dream-Machine

Doom Over Venus, Edmond Hamilton · 1940

A machine that broadcasts identical mass-produced dreams into sleepers' heads.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Stories lived as experience would rival film and games as popular leisure, as the story promises.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would pay for each experience, the machine could be copied, and the studios that own the stories and the names people know would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Mind-Shield: A barrier that keeps other minds or machines from reading or entering someone's thoughts.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mind-Shield

Slan, A.E. van Vogt · 1940

A barrier that keeps other minds or machines from reading or entering someone's thoughts.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. It only matters where minds can be read, and then it guards privacy much as a lock does.

Who is paid. I assume the barrier is a made or taught thing, which the description does not say; people who fear being read would buy it and many could supply it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of San-Ray Projector: A beam that gives a pleasant nervous thrill, fogs thinking and leaves users craving more.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

San-Ray Projector

Hell Ship of Space, Frederic Arnold Kummer, Jr. · 1940

A beam that gives a pleasant nervous thrill, fogs thinking and leaves users craving more.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A thrill that leaves users craving more would draw a large and steady demand, as strong drugs do.

Who is paid. Users would buy it for themselves, legal or not, and it is simple enough that many makers could supply it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Group Ego: Merges several people's bodies under one shared consciousness that thinks and acts as a single self.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Group Ego

Methuselah's Children, Robert Heinlein · 1941

Merges several people's bodies under one shared consciousness that thinks and acts as a single self.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. I took this to be a merged way of being for a group of people, with no made device named, so not a thing that can be made and sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller keeps anything.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Hypnosis Ray: A beam that plants a leader's message into the heads of easily fooled people.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Hypnosis Ray

Beyond All Weapons, Eric Frank Russell · 1941

A beam that plants a leader's message into the heads of easily fooled people.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Swaying a whole population at once would be worth a great deal to any ruler who wanted it.

Who is paid. A government would pay, and once the device existed the firms that already build broadcasting and security gear could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Hypnotic injunction: Uses trance suggestion to block a person from disclosing chosen secrets.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Hypnotic injunction

Methuselah's Children, Robert Heinlein · 1941

Uses trance suggestion to block a person from disclosing chosen secrets.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A small prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Blocking a person from telling chosen secrets is a narrow tool for guarding them.

Who is paid. I assumed a state or a great house of power pays for it, and though it is a technique rather than a machine, the security services and their usual suppliers would do the work and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Improve Memory: Treatment that helps very long-lived people organise and understand what they remember.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Improve Memory

Methuselah's Children, Robert Heinlein · 1941

Treatment that helps very long-lived people organise and understand what they remember.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Sorting the memories of a very long life only matters to people who live that long, a niche unless long life comes too.

Who is paid. The long-lived would pay for it themselves, and it is a method any trained person could offer, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Thought-Screen: A shield that stops outside minds from seizing control of your thinking.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Thought-Screen

Gray Lensman, E.E. 'Doc' Smith · 1942

A shield that stops outside minds from seizing control of your thinking.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. It only matters where minds can be seized, and then it guards a person much as a lock does.

Who is paid. People who fear being read would buy it for themselves, assuming it is sold openly, and it is simple enough for many makers to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Vestan Parasite: Partly thinking organisms that seize command of other animals' nervous systems.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Vestan Parasite

The World With A Thousand Moons, Edmond Hamilton · 1942

Partly thinking organisms that seize command of other animals' nervous systems.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is a creature that preys on other animals, a hazard and not something made to be sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is made or sold here, so there is no buyer and no seller.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Mixed Men: People who are largely human but carry an added mechanical brain alongside their own.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mixed Men

The Storm, A.E. van Vogt · 1943

People who are largely human but carry an added mechanical brain alongside their own.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. An added machine brain working beside the natural one would be an industry of its own, though the description does not say what the extra brain does.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and since the implant could be copied the firms that already run the networks and do the surgery would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Personality Alteration: Methods for permanently remaking someone's character and temperament.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Personality Alteration

Gather, Darkness!, Fritz Leiber · 1943

Methods for permanently remaking someone's character and temperament.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Remaking a person's character for good would be an industry of its own for those unhappy with who they are.

Who is paid. The description does not say whether the subject is willing; I assume people seek it for themselves and pay, and the clinics that already treat the mind would collect since the methods could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Psychoscanner: A machine that reads memories and emotions out of a living brain, human or animal.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Psychoscanner

Propagandist, Murray Leinster · 1947

A machine that reads memories and emotions out of a living brain, human or animal.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Reading memories and feelings out of any living brain would reshape questioning and the study of animals alike.

Who is paid. It is worked by an operator on a subject, human or animal, so I assume the state and its services are the main buyers, and the firms that already supply them would collect since it could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Brain Erasure: Removing chosen memories from someone's brain with electric pulses.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Brain Erasure

The Knowledge Machine, Edmond Hamilton · 1948

Removing chosen memories from someone's brain with electric pulses.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Removing chosen memories would treat trauma and grief for a great many people, worth an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Patients would pay, the method could be copied once known, and the clinics and medicine firms already trusted with such care would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Electro-Education: Teaching people by stimulating their brains with electricity.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Electro-Education

The Knowledge Machine, Edmond Hamilton · 1948

Teaching people by stimulating their brains with electricity.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Putting knowledge straight into the brain would replace years of schooling and training for most people.

Who is paid. Families and learners would pay for it themselves, and once one firm had built the gear others could copy it and many could write the lessons, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Learning-Cap: A helmet that feeds knowledge into the brain through electrical stimulation.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Learning-Cap

The Knowledge Machine, Edmond Hamilton · 1948

A helmet that feeds knowledge into the brain through electrical stimulation.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Putting knowledge straight into the brain would replace years of schooling and training for most people.

Who is paid. Families and learners would pay for it themselves, and once one firm had built the gear others could copy it and many could write the lessons, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Precog (v): The act of perceiving events before they happen.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Precog (v)

Police Operation, H. Beam Piper · 1948

The act of perceiving events before they happen.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is the act of using a born gift, not something made or taught that could be sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is made or sold here, so there is no buyer and no seller.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Mind-Lock: A shield that seals off a person's thoughts from outside mental contact.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mind-Lock

Agent of Vega, James Schmitz · 1949

A shield that seals off a person's thoughts from outside mental contact.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. It only matters where minds can be read, and then it guards privacy much as a lock does.

Who is paid. People who fear being read would buy it for themselves, assuming it is sold openly, and it is simple enough for many makers to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Mind-Parasite: A fictional organism in the story that seizes control of a host's mind.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mind-Parasite

Agent of Vega, James Schmitz · 1949

A fictional organism in the story that seizes control of a host's mind.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is a creature that preys on people, a hazard and not something made to be sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is made or sold here, so there is no buyer and no seller.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Quizzer: A self-operating device that interrogates a person's mind.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Quizzer

Agent of Vega, James Schmitz · 1949

A self-operating device that interrogates a person's mind.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A machine that questions a mind by itself would reshape police work and spying.

Who is paid. It is done to a subject, so though banned in the story it is judged as bought by a state: the state would pay for it as an interrogation tool, and since it could be copied the firms that already supply police and security services would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Haberman: People fitted with neural implants that govern their actions, used as a labour class.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Haberman

Scanners Live in Vain, Cordwainer Smith · 1950

People fitted with neural implants that govern their actions, used as a labour class.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Hive-Mind: Many individuals linked so they think as a single shared mind.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Hive-Mind

Second Night of Summer, James Schmitz · 1950

Many individuals linked so they think as a single shared mind.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. I took this to be a shared way of being for many minds, with no made device named, so not a thing that can be made and sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller keeps anything.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Dominator: An implanted device in the story that forces a mental barrier on the person carrying it.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Dominator

The End of the Line, James Schmitz · 1951

An implanted device in the story that forces a mental barrier on the person carrying it.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Mentophone: A gadget that carries thoughts directly between distant minds.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mentophone

First He Died (Time and Again), Clifford Simak · 1951

A gadget that carries thoughts directly between distant minds.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Telephones already carry words between distant people, so sending thoughts instead is a convenience.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and once it existed many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Zag House: A service that places chosen dreams into a sleeper's mind.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Zag House

First He Died (Time and Again), Clifford Simak · 1951

A service that places chosen dreams into a sleeper's mind.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Having chosen dreams placed in your sleep would be an entertainment industry of its own.

Who is paid. Customers would pay for each dream, and since the method could be copied the owners of the stories and of the venues people already visit would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Analogue Treatment: A drug-and-suggestion therapy in the story used to bring unusual behaviour into line.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Analogue Treatment

Ticket to Anywhere, Damon Knight · 1952

A drug-and-suggestion therapy in the story used to bring unusual behaviour into line.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Esper: A person gifted with the ability to read other people's thoughts.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Esper

The Demolished Man, Alfred Bester · 1952

A person gifted with the ability to read other people's thoughts.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. This is a person born with a gift, not a thing that can be made and sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller keeps anything.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Hypnoteleset: A machine that gives the refreshment of a full night's rest in a short session.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Hypnoteleset

The Space Merchants, Frederik Pohl (w/CM Kornbluth · 1952

A machine that gives the refreshment of a full night's rest in a short session.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. A full night's rest in a short session would hand nearly everyone hours of extra waking life each day.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would buy it for themselves, and once one firm had built it others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Menslator: A translator that reads the picture in a speaker's head and renders its meaning for the listener.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Menslator

Troubled Star, George O. Smith · 1952

A translator that reads the picture in a speaker's head and renders its meaning for the listener.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Understanding any speaker without learning the language would remove a cost from trade, travel and work everywhere.

Who is paid. Travellers and firms alike would buy it, and I assumed that once thought can be read at all a translator is easy to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Psychic Probe: A machine that extracts honest answers directly from someone's brain.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Psychic Probe

Foundation and Empire, Isaac Asimov · 1952

A machine that extracts honest answers directly from someone's brain.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Drawing true answers straight from a brain would reshape police work, courts and spying.

Who is paid. It is done to a subject, so though banned in the story it is judged as bought by a state: the state would pay for it as an interrogation tool, and since it could be copied the firms that already supply police and security services would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Visi-Sonor: A musical instrument that plays sights, sounds and feelings straight into the listener's brain.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Visi-Sonor

Foundation and Empire, Isaac Asimov · 1952

A musical instrument that plays sights, sounds and feelings straight into the listener's brain.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. An instrument that plays sights and feelings into the brain would found a new kind of show.

Who is paid. Audiences would pay to attend or own it, and since the instrument could be copied the known performers and the halls and channels that carry them would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Mental Static Device: A gadget that masks people's thoughts from mind-readers by flooding them with interference.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mental Static Device

Second Foundation, Isaac Asimov · 1953

A gadget that masks people's thoughts from mind-readers by flooding them with interference.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Hiding your thoughts matters only where mind-readers exist, so it is a niche.

Who is paid. I assumed people who fear being read buy it for themselves, and a jamming gadget is easy to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Control Helmet: Headgear that lets its wearer steer a robot by thought alone.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Control Helmet

Dawn of the Demigods, Raymond Z. Gallun · 1954

Headgear that lets its wearer steer a robot by thought alone.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2030s

A small prizeBusinesses pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Steering a machine by thought is a better set of controls, and hand controls already do the job.

Who is paid. Firms that run the machines would buy it, and once one maker had the link others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Hypno-Motor Control: A method for moving a person's body from outside, bypassing their own will.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Hypno-Motor Control

Sales Pitch, Philip K. Dick · 1954

A method for moving a person's body from outside, bypassing their own will.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Prethink: An ability to perceive what is about to happen as naturally as ordinary sight.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Prethink

The Golden Man, Philip K. Dick · 1954

An ability to perceive what is about to happen as naturally as ordinary sight.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is a born ability of a person, not something made or taught that could be sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is made or sold here, so there is no buyer and no seller.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Retinal Vid-Screen: A miniature screen placed surgically inside the eye so images appear straight in the wearer's sight.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Retinal Vid-Screen

Sales Pitch, Philip K. Dick · 1954

A miniature screen placed surgically inside the eye so images appear straight in the wearer's sight.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A screen in the eye itself is the same promise as other eye displays, a personal screen always in view, which is worth an industry of its own.

Who is paid. People pay to have it fitted, and the firms that already make displays and the clinics that fit implants collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Thought Pattern Divination: Working out what someone is thinking by copying their movements and habits until their reasoning becomes clear.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Thought Pattern Divination

The Houses of Iszm, Jack Vance · 1954

Working out what someone is thinking by copying their movements and habits until their reasoning becomes clear.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Guessing a person's thoughts by copying their habits is a slow craft of use to a few negotiators and investigators.

Who is paid. I assume it can be taught as a method; learners would pay teachers, and anyone who knows it can teach it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Probe Screen Hood: Protective headwear that stops telepaths from peering into the wearer's thoughts.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Probe Screen Hood

The Hood Maker ('Immunity'), Philip K. Dick · 1955

Protective headwear that stops telepaths from peering into the wearer's thoughts.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. It only matters where minds can be read, and then it guards privacy much as a lock does.

Who is paid. People who fear being read would buy it for themselves, assuming it is sold openly, and it is simple enough for many makers to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Swibble: A bred living organism kept in the home that uses telepathy to shape its owners' beliefs.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Swibble

Service Call, Philip K. Dick · 1955

A bred living organism kept in the home that uses telepathy to shape its owners' beliefs.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Shaping what every household believes would be worth a great deal to a ruler.

Who is paid. No household would choose this for itself, so I assume the state requires it and pays or makes owners pay; the breeders already set up to supply and service it would collect since it could be bred by others.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Analogue: A drug paired with a trained frame of mind that lets a person regress to the level of a chosen beast.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Analogue

The Stars My Destination, Alfred Bester · 1956

A drug paired with a trained frame of mind that lets a person regress to the level of a chosen beast.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Sinking to the mind of a chosen beast is a strange thrill for a few, not a need.

Who is paid. Users would buy the drug themselves, and a drug with a mental drill is easy for others to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Anti-Heptant: A fictional drug in the story used to wipe out portions of a person's mind.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Anti-Heptant

To Live Forever, Jack Vance · 1956

A fictional drug in the story used to wipe out portions of a person's mind.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Wiping chosen parts of a mind would treat trauma and grief for a great many people, worth an industry of its own; the story bans it, but I judged the drug as if it could be sold.

Who is paid. Patients would pay, the method could be copied once known, and the clinics and medicine firms already trusted with such care would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Bendix Anxiety Reducer: A machine that delivers psychotherapy to reduce a patient's anxiety.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Bendix Anxiety Reducer

Bad Medicine, Robert Sheckley · 1956

A machine that delivers psychotherapy to reduce a patient's anxiety.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2020s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A machine that truly eases anxiety would treat one of the commonest troubles of the mind at low cost.

Who is paid. Sufferers would buy or hire it themselves, and once one machine worked others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Dental Switchboard: A control built into the teeth and linked to the nerves, letting the user switch bodily implants on and off.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Dental Switchboard

The Stars My Destination, Alfred Bester · 1956

A control built into the teeth and linked to the nerves, letting the user switch bodily implants on and off.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. A switch in the teeth is a handy control for implants a person already has.

Who is paid. Those with implants would pay for it, and a switch is simple for anyone to make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Empath: A being who can directly feel what others are feeling through a mental link.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Empath

Empath, J.T. McIntosh · 1956

A being who can directly feel what others are feeling through a mental link.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. This is a being with a gift, not a thing that can be made and sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller keeps anything.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Precog: Someone with the gift of foreseeing events before they occur.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Precog

The Minority Report, Philip K. Dick · 1956

Someone with the gift of foreseeing events before they occur.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is a born gift of a person, not something made or taught that could be sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is made or sold here, so there is no buyer and no seller.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Refurbished Nervous System: Surgery that rebuilds a person's nerves so they can move several times faster than normal.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Refurbished Nervous System

The Stars My Destination, Alfred Bester · 1956

Surgery that rebuilds a person's nerves so they can move several times faster than normal.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Moving many times faster than normal would be worth an industry of its own to fighters, athletes and manual workers.

Who is paid. I assume people buy the surgery for themselves, though armies would want it too, and the hospitals that already have the surgeons would collect since the operation could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Retinal Light: A light source built inside the eye so the user can see in the dark.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Retinal Light

The Stars My Destination, Alfred Bester · 1956

A light source built inside the eye so the user can see in the dark.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Lamps and night glasses already let people see in the dark, so a light inside the eye is a convenience.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and once it existed many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Rex Regenerator (Mechanotherapist): A home treatment machine meant to cure the urge to kill.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Rex Regenerator (Mechanotherapist)

Bad Medicine, Robert Sheckley · 1956

A home treatment machine meant to cure the urge to kill.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Very few people have an urge to kill and seek a cure for it, so this is a niche.

Who is paid. It is sold as a home machine, so households pay, and many makers could copy it; it is small because the cure is so narrow, unlike a machine for common troubles.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Sympathetic Block: A conditioned mental barrier that stops a person from voicing certain secrets.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Sympathetic Block

The Stars My Destination, Alfred Bester · 1956

A conditioned mental barrier that stops a person from voicing certain secrets.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A small prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. A barrier against telling secrets serves only the few bodies that send out agents with something to hide.

Who is paid. A government would pay to have its agents conditioned, and though it is a technique its usual suppliers would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Virtual Immortality: Saving a person's mind and memories so they can be revived in new bodies whenever wanted.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Virtual Immortality

The City and the Stars, Arthur C. Clarke · 1956

Saving a person's mind and memories so they can be revived in new bodies whenever wanted.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Saving a mind so it can live again in new bodies answers the most basic wish of all, not to die.

Who is paid. People would pay whatever they could to keep a copy of themselves, and since the method could be copied the firms that already hold the stores, bodies and clinics would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Accelerated Schooling: Loads knowledge straight into a learner's brain instead of teaching through study.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Accelerated Schooling

Cities in Flight, James Blish · 1957

Loads knowledge straight into a learner's brain instead of teaching through study.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Putting knowledge straight into the brain would replace years of schooling and training for most people.

Who is paid. Families and learners would pay for it themselves, and once one firm had built the gear others could copy it and many could write the lessons, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Accelerated Schooling Helmet: Headgear that stimulates the brain to load knowledge straight into it.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Accelerated Schooling Helmet

Cities in Flight, James Blish · 1957

Headgear that stimulates the brain to load knowledge straight into it.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2080s

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Putting knowledge straight into the brain would replace years of schooling and training for most people.

Who is paid. Families and learners would pay for it themselves, and once one firm had built the gear others could copy it and many could write the lessons, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Peeper: A gadget that draws out the dreams and daydreams hidden in its user's mind.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Peeper

Shadow World, Clifford Simak · 1957

A gadget that draws out the dreams and daydreams hidden in its user's mind.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Seeing your own dreams and daydreams is a curiosity and a pastime.

Who is paid. The user turns it on their own mind, so people would buy it for themselves, and many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Toposcope: A helmet worn to teach people while they sleep.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Toposcope

Cities in Flight, James Blish · 1957

A helmet worn to teach people while they sleep.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Learning while asleep would add useful hours to schooling, but still at an ordinary pace.

Who is paid. Learners and families would buy it themselves, and the helmet and lessons could be made by many, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Metamen: People whose living brains have been moved into entirely mechanical bodies.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Metamen

The Mechanical Monarch, E.C. Tubb · 1958

People whose living brains have been moved into entirely mechanical bodies.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A mechanical body for a living brain would be an industry of its own for the dying and the badly injured.

Who is paid. People would pay to go on living this way, and the hospitals and makers of bodies that already have the surgeons and workshops would collect, since the method itself can be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Thought-Record Helmet: A helmet that plays back recorded thoughts so the wearer can take in history directly.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Thought-Record Helmet

Menace From Vega, Robert Randall · 1958

A helmet that plays back recorded thoughts so the wearer can take in history directly.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Taking in history as recorded thought would be an industry of its own, part schooling and part entertainment.

Who is paid. People would buy or borrow the recordings for themselves, and since the helmet could be copied the holders of the recorded lives and archives would collect; it plays back at the pace of living, so it is not instant loading.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Personality Death: A fictional legal punishment in the story that erases who a person is while sparing the body.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Personality Death

Robot Justice, Harry Harrison · 1959

A fictional legal punishment in the story that erases who a person is while sparing the body.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Betrization: A prenatal treatment that permanently suppresses violent impulses in people.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Betrization

Return from the Stars, Stanislaw Lem · 1961

A prenatal treatment that permanently suppresses violent impulses in people.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A vast prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. A people born without the urge to violence would be safe from each other, which changes how nearly everyone lives.

Who is paid. It only works if every child gets it, so the state would pay, and the medicine firms that already supply public health would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Emotional Register (ER): A small disc on the forehead that displays how its wearer is feeling.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Emotional Register (ER)

The Primal Urge, Brian Aldiss · 1961

A small disc on the forehead that displays how its wearer is feeling.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2030s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. A disc that shows how the wearer feels is a novelty with some social use.

Who is paid. Unlike the instrument for clinics this is worn by ordinary people, who would buy it themselves, and it is easy to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Mental Radio-Handicap: A fictional government-issued earpiece in the satire that disrupts the thinking of gifted citizens.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mental Radio-Handicap

Harrison Bergeron, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. · 1961

A fictional government-issued earpiece in the satire that disrupts the thinking of gifted citizens.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2020s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Mind Destroyer: A fictional mind-erasing procedure portrayed as a cruel tool of control.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mind Destroyer

A Planet Named Shayol, Cordwainer Smith · 1961

A fictional mind-erasing procedure portrayed as a cruel tool of control.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Pleasure Cap: A headpiece that stimulates the brain's reward centres directly.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Pleasure Cap

A Planet Named Shayol, Cordwainer Smith · 1961

A headpiece that stimulates the brain's reward centres directly.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Direct stimulation of the reward centres would draw a large and steady demand, as strong drugs do.

Who is paid. Users would buy it for themselves, legal or not, and it is simple enough that many makers could supply it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Star Machine: A device that amplifies psychic minds so they can project awareness to faraway planets.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Star Machine

Time is the Simplest Thing, Clifford Simak · 1961

A device that amplifies psychic minds so they can project awareness to faraway planets.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A large prizeBusinesses pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Sending minds out to faraway planets would open exploration and trade in what they find.

Who is paid. I assume exploring firms would buy the machine; it could be copied, and it works only with gifted minds, so the gain goes to those rare operators as pay and not to any seller.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Perky Pat Layout: A miniature doll world that users mentally inhabit as an escape.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Perky Pat Layout

The Days of Perky Pat, Philip K. Dick · 1963

A miniature doll world that users mentally inhabit as an escape.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. I assume it is a toy set whose escape happens in the players' own heads, which makes it a pastime.

Who is paid. Players would buy the dolls and fittings themselves, and since any workshop could make them the toy sellers with known names and shops would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Shadow People: Imagined beings made real through a mind technique learned from aliens.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Shadow People

Way Station, Clifford Simak · 1963

Imagined beings made real through a mind technique learned from aliens.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Company called up from imagination would comfort the lonely, but as a learned technique it would reach only those able to master it.

Who is paid. The description names a technique that was learned, so I assume it can be taught; learners would pay teachers, and any teacher could pass it on, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Sleep-Inducer: An electronic device that puts a person to sleep on command.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Sleep-Inducer

Sunjammer, Arthur C. Clarke · 1963

An electronic device that puts a person to sleep on command.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Sleep on command would be worth an industry of its own to the many people who sleep badly.

Who is paid. People who sleep badly would buy it for themselves, and the gear is simple enough for many makers to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Talisman: An object that spreads calm and a sense of truth, but only when held by gifted users.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Talisman

Way Station, Clifford Simak · 1963

An object that spreads calm and a sense of truth, but only when held by gifted users.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Spreading calm and a sense of truth among many people would be worth a great deal to those who keep the peace.

Who is paid. Nobody could be charged for calm, so I assume a government pays; the object alone does nothing without a gifted holder, so no maker can corner it and the state's usual suppliers would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Empathy Box: Lets many people share one person's feelings at once.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Empathy Box

The Little Black Box, Philip K. Dick · 1964

Lets many people share one person's feelings at once.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Sharing one person's feelings with many others is a religious or social comfort for those who want it.

Who is paid. Believers would buy the box for themselves, and a simple box is easy to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of CAN-D: A fictional illegal drug used by colonists to escape into shared fantasy.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

CAN-D

The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch, Philip K. Dick · 1965

A fictional illegal drug used by colonists to escape into shared fantasy.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A drug that lets people share an escape into fantasy would sell like any strong vice; the story bans it, but I judged it as if sold.

Who is paid. Users would pay for it themselves, and a drug is easy for others to make once known, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Femfatalatron: A machine that cures a person of romantic obsession with someone.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Femfatalatron

The Cyberiad: Fables for the Cybernetic Age, Stanislaw Lem · 1965

A machine that cures a person of romantic obsession with someone.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. A cure for one unhappy love is a comfort for a few.

Who is paid. The lovesick would pay for it themselves, and once the machine worked others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Hypno-Ligation: A technique for psychologically controlling a person.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Hypno-Ligation

Dune, Frank Herbert · 1965

A technique for psychologically controlling a person.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Mentat: A person trained to perform computer-like reasoning.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mentat

Dune, Frank Herbert · 1965

A person trained to perform computer-like reasoning.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A training that lets a person reason like a computer would be worth an industry of schools, though only for those able to finish it.

Who is paid. Students would pay for the training themselves, assuming it can be taught to those who apply, and any school could copy the method, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Mnemonic Pulse: A signal in recordings that helps lodge knowledge in the learner's memory.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mnemonic Pulse

Dune, Frank Herbert · 1965

A signal in recordings that helps lodge knowledge in the learner's memory.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A signal that makes lessons stick would speed up schooling, but the learner still sits through the recording at an ordinary pace.

Who is paid. Learners and families would buy the recordings themselves, and any publisher could add such a signal once it was known, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Pain Box: A fictional box that causes intense pain as a test of endurance in the story.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Pain Box

Dune, Frank Herbert · 1965

A fictional box that causes intense pain as a test of endurance in the story.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Sapho Juice: A drink that boosts the mental performance of human calculators.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Sapho Juice

Dune, Frank Herbert · 1965

A drink that boosts the mental performance of human calculators.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A drink that sharpens thinking would be wanted by everyone whose work is mental.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves as they buy any stimulant, and many makers could brew it once the recipe was known, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Semuta: A drug-and-music pairing that produces a deep altered state in the story.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Semuta

Dune, Frank Herbert · 1965

A drug-and-music pairing that produces a deep altered state in the story.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A drug and music that give a deep altered state would draw a large and steady demand, as strong drugs do.

Who is paid. Users would buy it for themselves, legal or not, and it is simple enough that many makers could supply it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Spice (Melange): A rare drug from a desert world, prized above all other resources in the story.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Spice (Melange)

Dune, Frank Herbert · 1965

A rare drug from a desert world, prized above all other resources in the story.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; the maker keeps the restas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. The story prizes it above every other resource, and judged on that promise most people who could afford it would want it.

Who is paid. I assume people buy it to take themselves and that it cannot be grown or made anywhere else, which the description implies but does not say; whoever holds the only world it comes from controls something others cannot get and keeps what is left.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Voice: A trained vocal technique that compels obedience in listeners.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Voice

Dune, Frank Herbert · 1965

A trained vocal technique that compels obedience in listeners.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A small prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. A voice that compels obedience works only on those within hearing, so it controls a few people at a time.

Who is paid. I assume a state would pay to train its agents in it, and though it is a technique its usual suppliers and schools would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Cyborg Pilot: A human mind wired directly into a machine to control it.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Cyborg Pilot

The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, Robert Heinlein · 1966

A human mind wired directly into a machine to control it.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeBusinesses pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. This names a person, but the link behind it, a mind wired into a machine, is a better set of controls where hand controls already do the job.

Who is paid. Firms that run the machines would buy it, and once one maker had the link others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Discorporaphone: A device for talking with minds of the dead stored electronically.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Discorporaphone

Babel-17, Samuel R. Delany · 1966

A device for talking with minds of the dead stored electronically.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Talking with the stored minds of the dead is precious to the bereaved, but the worth lies in storing the mind, and this is only the telephone to it.

Who is paid. Families would pay, and I assumed the stored minds already exist, so the talking device alone is easy to copy and no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Dream Console

The Dream Master (He Who Shapes), Roger Zelazny · 1966

Lets a therapist shape and enter a patient's dreams.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeBusinesses pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A therapist who can enter and shape dreams could treat troubles of the mind that talk alone does not reach.

Who is paid. Clinics and therapists would buy the machine, and the makers of medical equipment who already sell to them could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Erased Memory: A procedure that removes chosen memories from someone's mind.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Erased Memory

We Can Remember It For You Wholesale, Philip K. Dick · 1966

A procedure that removes chosen memories from someone's mind.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Removing chosen memories would treat trauma and grief for a great many people, worth an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Patients would pay, the method could be copied once known, and the clinics and medicine firms already trusted with such care would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Extra-Factual Memory: Implanted memories of events the person never actually lived.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Extra-Factual Memory

We Can Remember It For You Wholesale, Philip K. Dick · 1966

Implanted memories of events the person never actually lived.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Memories of a holiday or adventure never taken would stand in for travel and film at far lower cost.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would pay for each memory, the method could be copied, and the leisure firms that own the stories and the names people know would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Telepathic Transmitter (Telep-transmitter): Sends a user's thoughts to others through living tissue from another world.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Telepathic Transmitter (Telep-transmitter)

We Can Remember It For You Wholesale, Philip K. Dick · 1966

Sends a user's thoughts to others through living tissue from another world.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Telephones already carry words between people, so sending thoughts instead is a convenience.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and once it existed many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Tru-Mem Systems: Ordinary natural recall of one's own real experiences.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Tru-Mem Systems

We Can Remember It For You Wholesale, Philip K. Dick · 1966

Ordinary natural recall of one's own real experiences.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2020s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is ordinary natural memory, which everyone already has and nobody sells.

Who is paid. Nothing is made or sold here, so there is no buyer and no seller.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Fornixation: Electric stimulation of the brain's pleasure circuits for recreation.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Fornixation

Riders of the Purple Wage, Philip Jose Farmer · 1967

Electric stimulation of the brain's pleasure circuits for recreation.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Pleasure on demand from a current in the brain would draw as many buyers as any vice, harmful as the story shows it to be.

Who is paid. Users would pay for it themselves, and a wire and a small current are simple to make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Cyborg Collar: A fictional neck device used to compel a person's behaviour during working hours.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Cyborg Collar

A Specter is Haunting Texas, Fritz Leiber · 1968

A fictional neck device used to compel a person's behaviour during working hours.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Mood Organ: A household device that lets users choose the emotions they want to feel.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mood Organ

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, Philip K. Dick · 1968

A household device that lets users choose the emotions they want to feel.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Choosing how to feel at home would stand in for much of what people now seek from drink, pills and therapy.

Who is paid. Households would buy it as a home appliance, and many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Penfield Wave Transmitter: A device that beams energy into the brain so a user can select an emotional state.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Penfield Wave Transmitter

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, Philip K. Dick · 1968

A device that beams energy into the brain so a user can select an emotional state.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Choosing how to feel would stand in for much of what people now seek from drink, pills and therapy.

Who is paid. Households would buy it as a home appliance, and many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Artificial Telepathy: Machines that decode a person's thoughts into spoken words others can receive.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Artificial Telepathy

We All Died At Breakaway Station, Richard Meredith · 1969

Machines that decode a person's thoughts into spoken words others can receive.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Passing thoughts to others by machine is a new way to talk, and speech and telephones already do the job for nearly everyone.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would buy it for themselves, and once one maker could decode thought others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Droud: A fictional adapter for a brain pleasure implant, portrayed as a tool of addiction.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Droud

Death by Ecstasy, Larry Niven · 1969

A fictional adapter for a brain pleasure implant, portrayed as a tool of addiction.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. This is the plug-in part of the pleasure implant, and I judged it with the implant: pleasure on demand would draw as many buyers as any vice, harmful as the story shows it to be.

Who is paid. Users would pay for it themselves, and a wire and a small current are simple to make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Ecstasy Plug: A fictional brain implant for direct pleasure stimulation, portrayed as a route to addiction.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Ecstasy Plug

Death by Ecstasy, Larry Niven · 1969

A fictional brain implant for direct pleasure stimulation, portrayed as a route to addiction.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Pleasure on demand from a current in the brain would draw as many buyers as any vice, harmful as the story shows it to be.

Who is paid. Users would pay for it themselves, and a wire and a small current are simple to make, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Mnemonic Flutter System (Pulse-Sychronizer): A device that writes the contents of a book directly into a reader's memory.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mnemonic Flutter System (Pulse-Sychronizer)

Dune Messiah, Frank Herbert · 1969

A device that writes the contents of a book directly into a reader's memory.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Writing a book straight into memory would replace years of study for most people.

Who is paid. Learners and families would pay for it themselves, and once a first firm had built it others could copy it and many could supply the lessons, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Protophason Amplifier: Equipment that picks up and boosts faint brain signals from people kept in cold storage.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Protophason Amplifier

Ubik, Philip K. Dick · 1969

Equipment that picks up and boosts faint brain signals from people kept in cold storage.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Talking with relatives kept in cold storage is a comfort for the bereaved and little more.

Who is paid. Families would pay to hear from their own kin, and the amplifier could be copied by many makers, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Psycho-Lease Encephalic Gadget: A brain device that makes a staged scene feel utterly real to the viewer.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Psycho-Lease Encephalic Gadget

Galactic Pot-Healer, Philip K. Dick · 1969

A brain device that makes a staged scene feel utterly real to the viewer.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Making a staged scene feel wholly real would be an entertainment industry of its own.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and since the method could be copied the owners of the stories, stars and channels people already follow would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Remote-Control Slavery: A fictional means of remotely dominating other creatures' minds, shown as coercion.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Remote-Control Slavery

The Man in the Maze, Robert Silverberg · 1969

A fictional means of remotely dominating other creatures' minds, shown as coercion.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Teep Rod: A handheld tool that reads a person's thoughts.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Teep Rod

Galactic Pot-Healer, Philip K. Dick · 1969

A handheld tool that reads a person's thoughts.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A tool that reads the thoughts of whoever it is pointed at would change how crimes are solved and secrets are kept.

Who is paid. The holder reads another person, so I judged it as a probe and assumed police and spy services are the main buyers, though private buyers would want it too; a handheld tool could be copied, so the firms that already supply those services would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Jack In: Linking one's nervous system directly into a computer-made virtual world.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Jack In

Tower of Glass, Robert Silverberg · 1970

Linking one's nervous system directly into a computer-made virtual world.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A link from the nerves into made-up worlds would do what screens and games do now but far more fully, worth an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would pay for the implant and the service, and the firms that already make devices and run networks could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Sleep Set (Sleep Headset): A headset that puts its wearer into deep sleep electronically.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Sleep Set (Sleep Headset)

Ringworld, Larry Niven · 1970

A headset that puts its wearer into deep sleep electronically.

built in 1975, 5 years after it was imagined

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Deep sleep at the touch of a switch would be worth an industry of its own to the many people who sleep badly.

Who is paid. People who sleep badly would buy it for themselves, and the gear is simple enough for many makers to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Tasp: A fictional handheld device that triggers pleasure in another person's brain from afar.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Tasp

Ringworld, Larry Niven · 1970

A fictional handheld device that triggers pleasure in another person's brain from afar.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A small prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Triggering pleasure in someone else from afar is a way of swaying or taming a few people, not a treat they chose.

Who is paid. It is aimed at another person, so I judge it as a tool of control; though banned in the story a state would buy it, and its usual suppliers would collect because it could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Chemical Orders: Compounds released into the air or body that act as signals steering what people do.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Chemical Orders

Hellstrom's Hive, Frank Herbert · 1972

Compounds released into the air or body that act as signals steering what people do.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of P-Terminal Implant: A brain implant with its own power and controls that stimulates reward regions.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

P-Terminal Implant

The Terminal Man, Michael Crichton · 1972

A brain implant with its own power and controls that stimulates reward regions.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Direct stimulation of the reward regions would draw a large and steady demand, as strong drugs do.

Who is paid. Users would buy it for themselves, legal or not, and it is simple enough that many makers could supply it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Hypno-Encyclopedic Techniques: Methods for sorting and managing memories across a very long life.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Hypno-Encyclopedic Techniques

Time Enough For Love, Robert Heinlein · 1973

Methods for sorting and managing memories across a very long life.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Sorting the memories of a very long life only matters to people who live that long, a niche unless long life comes too.

Who is paid. The long-lived would pay for it themselves, and it is a method any trained person could offer, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Implanted Interface With Retinal Nerves: Circuitry wired into the eye's nerves that captures what the person sees.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Implanted Interface With Retinal Nerves

The Continuous Katherine Mortenhoe (The Unsleeping Eye), D.G. Compton · 1973

Circuitry wired into the eye's nerves that captures what the person sees.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeBusinesses pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. A person whose eyes act as a camera is a niche tool for filming and watching.

Who is paid. I assumed broadcasters pay for it, as in the story, and once one maker had wired a camera to the eye others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Eccentric Projection: Operating another body from a distance as if it were one's own.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Eccentric Projection

The Girl Who Was Plugged In, James Tiptree, Jr. · 1974

Operating another body from a distance as if it were one's own.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A large prizeBusinesses pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Working a far-off body as if it were your own would let people do physical work anywhere without going there.

Who is paid. Firms would pay to put workers and performers where they are needed, and once the link existed others could copy it, so no seller keeps much; unlike the thought-steered machines this gives a whole body to live in.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Data-Retrieval Mode: Extracting thoughts and pictures stored in someone's mind.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Data-Retrieval Mode

The Shockwave Rider, John Brunner · 1975

Extracting thoughts and pictures stored in someone's mind.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Pulling memories and thoughts out of an unwilling head would change how crimes are solved and secrets are kept.

Who is paid. The description speaks of extracting, so I assumed it is done to a subject by police, courts and spy services, and the firms that already supply them could copy the machine and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of RNA Shots: Injections made from a skilled person's tissue that pass on their knowledge.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

RNA Shots

A World Out of Time, Larry Niven · 1976

Injections made from a skilled person's tissue that pass on their knowledge.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Taking on a skilled person's knowledge by injection would replace years of schooling and training for most people.

Who is paid. Learners would pay for the shots themselves, and assuming the tissue can be grown in bulk many makers could supply them, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Cephalochromoscope (Cephscope): A scanner that shows a person's brain activity as patterns on a screen.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Cephalochromoscope (Cephscope)

A Scanner Darkly, Philip K. Dick · 1977

A scanner that shows a person's brain activity as patterns on a screen.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2020s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Watching brain activity as patterns on a screen is a pastime or a simple clinic tool.

Who is paid. I assumed people buy it for home use as in the story, and such a scanner is easy to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Memory Recording: Capturing the full content of a person's mind and life experience for storage.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Memory Recording

The Ophiuchi Hotline, John Varley · 1977

Capturing the full content of a person's mind and life experience for storage.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Keeping a copy of a mind so the person can be brought back would take away the finality of death for anyone who could have it.

Who is paid. People would pay for themselves and their families, and once one firm had done it others could, so the hospitals and medical firms people already trust would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Taprisiot: A living partner organism enabling instant mind-to-mind calls across the galaxy.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Taprisiot

The Dosadi Experiment, Frank Herbert · 1977

A living partner organism enabling instant mind-to-mind calls across the galaxy.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Instant calls across the galaxy would be worth an industry of its own wherever people are spread among the stars, which ordinary telephones could not serve.

Who is paid. Callers would pay for each call; the description does not say the organism comes from a single source, so I assumed it can be bred like other living tools here, and the carriers that already run call networks would keep the stock and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Taprisiot Monitor Bead: An ingestible device that captures and relays a person's thoughts for a set period.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Taprisiot Monitor Bead

The Dosadi Experiment, Frank Herbert · 1977

An ingestible device that captures and relays a person's thoughts for a set period.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Capturing and passing on your own thoughts for a while is a convenience for reports and records.

Who is paid. It is swallowed, so I assume the wearer is willing and buys it; many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Jumble-Box: A device in the story that scrambles a person's senses.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Jumble-Box

Changeling, Roger Zelazny · 1980

A device in the story that scrambles a person's senses.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A small prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. The story says only that it scrambles a person's senses; I assumed a tool for subduing someone, which is a narrow use.

Who is paid. I assumed a government pays, and the firms that already supply prisons and security services could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Communications Implant: A surgically placed device connecting a person's mind straight to computer networks.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Communications Implant

Oath of Fealty, Jerry Pournelle (w/L. Niven · 1981

A surgically placed device connecting a person's mind straight to computer networks.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A computer link inside the head would do what pocket devices do now but faster and always on, worth an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would pay for the implant and the service, and the firms that already make devices and run networks could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Cyborg Dolphin (Jones): A dolphin fitted with implants for military work and later repurposed.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Cyborg Dolphin (Jones)

Johnny Mnemonic, William Gibson · 1981

A dolphin fitted with implants for military work and later repurposed.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. A trained sea animal with implants does a few naval jobs that machines can also do.

Who is paid. A navy would pay, and the firms that already hold its contracts could do the work and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Dictatel: A machine that writes down words the user merely thinks.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Dictatel

God Emperor of Dune, Frank Herbert · 1981

A machine that writes down words the user merely thinks.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Writing by thought is a convenience, since keyboards and speech already do the job.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would get it inside gadgets they buy, and once it works it is easy to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Heritable Memories Bloodline: A sorcerous practice binding particular memories to chosen family lines across generations.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Heritable Memories Bloodline

The Time of the Dark, Barbara Hambly · 1982

A sorcerous practice binding particular memories to chosen family lines across generations.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. This is a sorcerous family custom, not a thing that can be made and sold.

Who is paid. Nothing is sold, so nobody pays and no seller keeps anything.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Mindwipe: A fictional procedure for erasing chosen memories, central to the story's intrigue.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mindwipe

Mindkiller, Spider Robinson · 1982

A fictional procedure for erasing chosen memories, central to the story's intrigue.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Removing chosen memories would be an industry of its own for people haunted by what they recall.

Who is paid. People would pay to be rid of chosen memories, and the clinics that already treat the mind would collect, since the procedure could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Cerebral Microprocessors: Chips implanted in the brain to raise mental performance beyond natural limits.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Cerebral Microprocessors

Millenium, John Varley · 1983

Chips implanted in the brain to raise mental performance beyond natural limits.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Chips that lift the mind beyond its natural limits would change how most people work and learn.

Who is paid. People would pay to keep up with each other, and the chip makers and surgeons already in place could copy the design and collect; this goes further than the helmets and chairs that only sharpen ordinary thought.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Ixian Probe: A device that examines brain tissue finely enough to reveal stored memories.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Ixian Probe

Heretics of Dune, Frank Herbert · 1984

A device that examines brain tissue finely enough to reveal stored memories.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Pulling memories out of an unwilling head would change how crimes are solved and secrets are kept.

Who is paid. A probe of brain tissue is done to a subject, so I assumed the buyers are police, courts and spy services, and the firms that already supply them could copy the machine and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Meat Puppet: A person whose body is run by software through a brain implant while their awareness is suspended.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Meat Puppet

Neuromancer, William Gibson · 1984

A person whose body is run by software through a brain implant while their awareness is suspended.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeBusinesses pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. This names a person, but the implant behind it hires out a body while its owner is absent, a narrow trade where it is allowed at all.

Who is paid. Employers who were let to use it would pay, and a control implant could be copied by any maker, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Microsoft: Tiny plug-in brain cartridges that grant instant knowledge or abilities.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Microsoft

Neuromancer, William Gibson · 1984

Tiny plug-in brain cartridges that grant instant knowledge or abilities.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Plugging in knowledge or a skill at once would replace years of schooling and training for most people.

Who is paid. Learners and families would pay for it themselves, and once a first firm had built it others could copy it and many could supply the lessons, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Neural Cut Out Chip: A brain implant in the story that lets software override a person's body.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Neural Cut Out Chip

Neuromancer, William Gibson · 1984

A brain implant in the story that lets software override a person's body.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeBusinesses pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Letting software run a body serves the few employers who want obedient hands.

Who is paid. Employers would pay for it to control workers, and the chip could be copied by many makers, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Optic Television: An eye that shows distant broadcasts alongside the scene in front of it.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Optic Television

Twenty Evocations, Bruce Sterling · 1984

An eye that shows distant broadcasts alongside the scene in front of it.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A screen in the eye itself is the same promise as other eye displays, a personal screen always in view, which is worth an industry of its own.

Who is paid. People pay to have it fitted, and the firms that already make displays and the clinics that fit implants collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Pulse-Timer: A timepiece that shows the hour inside the wearer's sight by acting on the brain.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Pulse-Timer

Heretics of Dune, Frank Herbert · 1984

A timepiece that shows the hour inside the wearer's sight by acting on the brain.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. A watch already tells the hour, so showing it inside the wearer's sight is a convenience.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and once it existed many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Shere: A drug in the story that protects a person's memories from being extracted, even after death.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Shere

Heretics of Dune, Frank Herbert · 1984

A drug in the story that protects a person's memories from being extracted, even after death.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. It only matters to people who hold secrets someone would probe for.

Who is paid. The keeper of the secret takes it willingly, so I assume people buy it for themselves, and a drug whose recipe is known can be made by many, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of SimStim: Playing one person's recorded or live sensations straight into another person's nervous system.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

SimStim

Neuromancer, William Gibson · 1984

Playing one person's recorded or live sensations straight into another person's nervous system.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Feeling another person's sensations as your own would be an entertainment industry of its own.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and since the method could be copied the owners of the stories, stars and channels people already follow would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Sparkers: A gadget giving an alien race small electric jolts they enjoy the way people enjoy a drink.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Sparkers

Niven's Laws, Larry Niven · 1984

A gadget giving an alien race small electric jolts they enjoy the way people enjoy a drink.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2020s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Judged by its own buyers, a mild jolt enjoyed as people enjoy a drink would be worth what the drinks trade is worth.

Who is paid. The users would buy it for themselves, and so simple a gadget could be made by many, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Biosoft: A life story you absorb as lived experience rather than read.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Biosoft

Count Zero, William Gibson · 1986

A life story you absorb as lived experience rather than read.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A life story lived as experience rather than read would be a new medium to rival film and books.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would pay for each experience, the machine could be copied, and the studios that own the stories and the names people know would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Dustplug: A protective cap for an empty brain-implant socket.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Dustplug

Count Zero, William Gibson · 1986

A protective cap for an empty brain-implant socket.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. A cap for an empty socket is a trifle that only owners of the implant need.

Who is paid. Implant owners would buy it for very little, and anyone can make a cap, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Effective Human Implant Technology (EHIT): A computer link wired straight into a person's brain.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Effective Human Implant Technology (EHIT)

Snake-Eyes, Tom Maddox · 1986

A computer link wired straight into a person's brain.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2030s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A computer link inside the head would do what pocket devices do now but faster and always on, worth an industry of its own.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would pay for the implant and the service, and the firms that already make devices and run networks could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Memory Biochip: An implant that lets its owner relive chosen memories on demand.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Memory Biochip

Shards of Honor, Lois McMaster Bujold · 1986

An implant that lets its owner relive chosen memories on demand.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Reliving a chosen memory at will is a pleasure and a keepsake, like a better photograph album.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and once the implant existed others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Chiphead: A person whose natural brain has been replaced in function by an implanted machine.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Chiphead

Nanotime, Bart Kosko · 1987

A person whose natural brain has been replaced in function by an implanted machine.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. This names a person, but the implant behind it, a machine doing the work of a brain, would restore people whose brains had failed.

Who is paid. I judged the implant: patients and their families would pay, and the makers of medical implants could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Moddy: A plug-in brain cartridge that swaps in a chosen personality.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Moddy

When Gravity Fails, George Alec Effinger · 1987

A plug-in brain cartridge that swaps in a chosen personality.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2080s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Trying on a chosen personality would be an industry of its own, part entertainment and part borrowed skill.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and since the method could be copied the owners of the stories, stars and channels people already follow would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Brainlock: A coercive mind-control measure applied to prisoners in the story.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Brainlock

Mona Lisa Overdrive, William Gibson · 1988

A coercive mind-control measure applied to prisoners in the story.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Korsakov's: A coercive treatment in the story that keeps inmates docile.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Korsakov's

Mona Lisa Overdrive, William Gibson · 1988

A coercive treatment in the story that keeps inmates docile.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Trode-Net: A mesh of electrodes worn on the head, named in the story without further detail.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Trode-Net

Mona Lisa Overdrive, William Gibson · 1988

A mesh of electrodes worn on the head, named in the story without further detail.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. The story gives no detail, so I judge it as the worn headgear for a brain link, an accessory to the link itself.

Who is paid. Users of the link would buy it for themselves, and a mesh of electrodes could be made by many, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Twist-Box: A recreational gadget that jumbles the senses for an altered experience.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Twist-Box

Wetware, Rudy Rucker · 1988

A recreational gadget that jumbles the senses for an altered experience.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A gadget that gives an altered state for fun would draw the kind of steady demand that drugs do.

Who is paid. Users would buy it for themselves, legal or not, and it is simple enough that many makers could supply it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Dazer: Someone who uses body-awareness training to get high on their own brain chemistry.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Dazer

Earth, David Brin · 1990

Someone who uses body-awareness training to get high on their own brain chemistry.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2020s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. This names a person, but the training behind it, a learned way to get high on your own body, is a pastime for a few.

Who is paid. I judged the training: people would pay for lessons themselves, and any trained teacher could offer them, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Donnersprache: A broadcasting device that entrances listeners so a speaker seems far more magnetic.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Donnersprache

Silent Thunder, Dean Ing · 1991

A broadcasting device that entrances listeners so a speaker seems far more magnetic.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A broadcast that holds listeners spellbound by one speaker would be worth a great deal to any ruler who wanted a crowd.

Who is paid. I assumed a government or its ruling party pays, as in the story, and the firms that already build broadcasting gear could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Tiersian Therapy: A psychotherapy where the patient adopts and lives as a fictional character they pick.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Tiersian Therapy

Red Orc's Revenge, Philip Jose Farmer · 1991

A psychotherapy where the patient adopts and lives as a fictional character they pick.

built in 1995, 4 years after it was imagined

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Living as a chosen character is a single method of therapy among many.

Who is paid. Patients would pay for it themselves, and any therapist could offer the method, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Direct Interface: A brain link that turns intended words into typed text on a computer.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Direct Interface

Steel Beach, John Varley · 1992

A brain link that turns intended words into typed text on a computer.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2030s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Writing by thought is a convenience, since keyboards and speech already do the job.

Who is paid. Ordinary people would get it inside gadgets they buy, and once it works it is easy to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Disney Therapy: A treatment where people escape into a nostalgic simulated past to ease mental strain.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Disney Therapy

Steel Beach, John Varley · 1992

A treatment where people escape into a nostalgic simulated past to ease mental strain.

already existed before the story (1955)

A small prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. A rest cure in a made-up past is a comfort for the strained, close to a holiday.

Who is paid. People would pay for their own visits, and the leisure firms that already own parks, stories and well-known names could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Neuro-netsukes: A tiny carved figure that holds a copy of a living person's mind.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Neuro-netsukes

Rim, Alexander Besher · 1994

A tiny carved figure that holds a copy of a living person's mind.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. A kept copy of a living mind answers the most basic wish of all, not to be lost at death.

Who is paid. I assume the copy can be woken or restored, which the description does not say. People would pay whatever they could to keep a copy of themselves, and since the method could be copied the firms that already hold the stores, bodies and clinics would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of VR Dyslexia: A condition of confusion and disorientation after too much time in virtual reality.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

VR Dyslexia

Rim, Alexander Besher · 1994

A condition of confusion and disorientation after too much time in virtual reality.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2020s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is an ailment from too much time in a made world, not something anyone would buy.

Who is paid. Nothing is made or sold here, so there is no buyer and no seller.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of XV: A medium that lets people feel someone else's conscious experience directly.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

XV

Mother of Storms, John Barnes · 1994

A medium that lets people feel someone else's conscious experience directly.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2080s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Feeling another person's experience directly would be an entertainment and news industry of its own.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and since the method could be copied the owners of the stories, stars and channels people already follow would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Softlight: A fictional mind-control technique that wipes a person's identity in the story.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Softlight

Softlight Sins, Peter F. Hamilton · 1997

A fictional mind-control technique that wipes a person's identity in the story.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Emblok: A machine that loads memories into a regrown brain like copying files.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Emblok

Earth Made of Glass, John Barnes · 1998

A machine that loads memories into a regrown brain like copying files.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Loading a stored mind into a regrown brain is the restoring step of bringing a person back, which takes away the finality of death.

Who is paid. People would pay for themselves and their families, and once one firm had done it others could, so the hospitals and medical firms people already trust would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Psypyx: A device that captures what someone perceives and thinks so it can be stored and replayed.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Psypyx

Earth Made of Glass, John Barnes · 1998

A device that captures what someone perceives and thinks so it can be stored and replayed.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Capturing all a person perceives and thinks for keeping answers the basic wish not to be lost at death.

Who is paid. I assume the capture is full enough to stand as a copy of the person, as the story intends. People would pay whatever they could to keep a copy of themselves, and since the method could be copied the firms that already hold the stores, bodies and clinics would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Focusing: An infectious microorganism that sharpens the concentration of whoever carries it.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Focusing

A Deepness in the Sky, Vernor Vinge · 1999

An infectious microorganism that sharpens the concentration of whoever carries it.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2060s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Sharper concentration would lift the work of anyone who uses their head; the story bans it because it is forced on people, but I judged it as if taken by choice.

Who is paid. I assumed workers and students take it by choice, and a microbe can be grown by anyone once it exists, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Lucid Dreamer: A machine that makes sure the sleeper gets dreaming sleep.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Lucid Dreamer

Starfish, Peter Watts · 1999

A machine that makes sure the sleeper gets dreaming sleep.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2030s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Making sure a sleeper dreams is a small aid to good rest.

Who is paid. Sleepers would buy it for themselves, and it is easy to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Napcap Induction Cap: A cap that reads and nudges brain rhythms to help the wearer relax and fall asleep.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Napcap Induction Cap

Saturn's Race, Larry Niven (w/S. Barnes) · 2000

A cap that reads and nudges brain rhythms to help the wearer relax and fall asleep.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2020s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Sleep on demand without drugs would be worth an industry of its own to the many people who sleep badly.

Who is paid. People who sleep badly would buy it for themselves, and the gear is simple enough for many makers to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Imprint (A Ditto Blank): Copying a person's mind onto a temporary clay-like duplicate body.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Imprint (A Ditto Blank)

Kiln People, David Brin · 2002

Copying a person's mind onto a temporary clay-like duplicate body.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Sending copies of yourself out to do the day's work would change how most people work and live.

Who is paid. People would buy blank bodies again and again, and once the copying was known the factories able to turn out blanks in bulk would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Cortical Stack: A spinal implant that holds a stored copy of someone's mind so they can be restored.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Cortical Stack

Altered Carbon, Richard Morgan · 2003

A spinal implant that holds a stored copy of someone's mind so they can be restored.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. Keeping a copy of a mind so the person can be brought back would take away the finality of death for anyone who could have it.

Who is paid. People would pay for themselves and their families, and once one firm had done it others could, so the hospitals and medical firms people already trust would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Needlecast: Beaming a digitised human mind across interstellar distances into a new body.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Needlecast

Altered Carbon, Richard Morgan · 2003

Beaming a digitised human mind across interstellar distances into a new body.

not yet built · AI models judge it not physically possible

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Sending a mind between the stars is travel for those with somewhere far to go, not the saving of a life, so it is an industry and not a need of most people.

Who is paid. Travellers would pay for the passage, and whoever already owns the transmitters and the waiting bodies at each end would collect, since the sending could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of BrainPal: A computer built into the brain that assists and connects soldiers.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

BrainPal

Old Man's War, John Scalzi · 2005

A computer built into the brain that assists and connects soldiers.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A computer in the head that helps and connects every soldier would change how an army fights.

Who is paid. Unlike the other brain links this one is issued to soldiers, so the government pays, and the firms that already hold army supply contracts would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of DC Mini: A device through which a psychotherapist can step inside a patient's dreams.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

DC Mini

Paprika, Satoshi Kon · 2007

A device through which a psychotherapist can step inside a patient's dreams.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: 2100 or later

A large prizeBusinesses pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A therapist who can enter and shape dreams could treat troubles of the mind that talk alone does not reach.

Who is paid. Clinics and therapists would buy the machine, and the makers of medical equipment who already sell to them could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Angel Music Player: A wireless player that sends music straight to the listener's brain.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Angel Music Player

Flood, Stephen Baxter · 2008

A wireless player that sends music straight to the listener's brain.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2070s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Music sent straight to the brain is a new kind of earphone, a convenience.

Who is paid. Listeners would buy it for themselves, and players are easy for many makers to copy, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Mind-Reading with MRI: Brain scans analysed by software to infer what a person is thinking.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Mind-Reading with MRI

Daemon, Daniel Suarez · 2009

Brain scans analysed by software to infer what a person is thinking.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Working out what a person is thinking from a scan would change how crimes are solved and secrets are kept, whether or not the person scanned agrees.

Who is paid. The scan is run and read by someone other than the person scanned, so I assumed police, courts and spy services are the main buyers, and since the software could be copied the firms that already supply them would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Third Eye: A display that conveys information through sensations on the user's skin.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Third Eye

Daemon, Daniel Suarez · 2009

A display that conveys information through sensations on the user's skin.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2030s

A small prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. Screens and sounds already carry information, so feeling it on the skin is a convenience.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and once it existed many makers could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Websight: A way of perceiving the web directly as an inner visual landscape.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Websight

WWW: Wake, Robert J. Sawyer · 2009

A way of perceiving the web directly as an inner visual landscape.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Seeing the web directly in the mind needs a made link between brain and network, and such a link would be an industry of its own.

Who is paid. The description names no device, so I assume a brain link lies behind the sight; people would buy it for themselves, and since the link could be copied the firms that already run the networks and do the surgery would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Necap: A fictional device that damages a person's brain, used as a threat in the story.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Necap

The Human Blend, Alan Dean Foster · 2010

A fictional device that damages a person's brain, used as a threat in the story.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

No prizeNothing is soldas a model judges it

Why

No prize. It is done to a person without their say, to hurt them, break their mind or override their will or body, which no one may lawfully buy or use.

Who is paid. Assuming it is outlawed for everyone, governments and employers included, nothing is sold.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Neural Lace: A mesh woven into the brain that links a person's mind with computing systems.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Neural Lace

Surface Detail, Iain M Banks · 2010

A mesh woven into the brain that links a person's mind with computing systems.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. A mesh joining the mind to computers would be an industry of its own.

Who is paid. People would buy it for themselves, and since the implant could be copied the firms that already run the networks and do the surgery would collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Virtual Punishment: A simulated sentence that makes a convict feel years of imprisonment pass in a brief period.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Virtual Punishment

Complete Sentence, Joe Haldeman · 2011

A simulated sentence that makes a convict feel years of imprisonment pass in a brief period.

not yet built · AI models could not judge when it may arrive

A large prizeA government pays; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Making a long sentence pass in a short while would cut much of what prisons cost.

Who is paid. The state pays for its punishments, and the firms that already build and run prisons would collect since the method could be copied.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Eel Operator: A person altered through surgery so they can pilot an underwater robot directly.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Eel Operator

Re:Set, Susan Beetlestone · 2012

A person altered through surgery so they can pilot an underwater robot directly.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A small prizeBusinesses pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A small prize. This names a person, but the surgery behind it, wiring a pilot to an undersea machine, is a better set of controls where hand controls already do the job.

Who is paid. Firms that run the machines would buy it, and once one maker had the link others could copy it, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is fairly sure of this one.

Illustration of Cranial Amplified Programming CAP: A headpiece placed on the skull that speeds up how a person learns.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Cranial Amplified Programming CAP

Killing Titan, Greg Bear · 2015

A headpiece placed on the skull that speeds up how a person learns.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2050s

A vast prizeHouseholds pay; no seller keeps muchas a model judges it

Why

A vast prize. I took the faster learning to be of the same kind as the knowledge-loading helmets, which would replace years of schooling for most people.

Who is paid. Families and learners would pay for it themselves, and once one firm had built the gear others could copy it and many could write the lessons, so no seller keeps much.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Illustration of Bio-Implant (Compensator Chip): A brain implant that supports an autistic child in daily functioning and learning.Illustration made with AI image generation; not evidence.

Bio-Implant (Compensator Chip)

Hella, David Gerrold · 2020

A brain implant that supports an autistic child in daily functioning and learning.

not yet built · AI models' likeliest decade: the 2040s

A large prizeHouseholds pay; existing firms keep the restas a model judges it

Why

A large prize. Helping autistic children manage daily life and learning would be worth a great deal to many families.

Who is paid. Families or their insurers would pay, and the makers of medical implants who already hold hospital trust could copy it and collect.

A model's judgement, not a reading, of the idea as if it worked the way its story promises. The model is not very sure of this one.

Ideas from Technovelgy: Science Fiction Timeline of Inventions (Bill Christensen) (archived copy), as compiled in Not Boring: Sci-Fi Idea Bank (Packy McCormick); names, works, authors and years are theirs and every description is this site's rewording. Categories, arrival decades and profit are judged by AI models, not people. Method