Desktop Publishers
Every task in this role, whether it passes the census's structural hand-over screen, which models pass it, and why. It is a screen, not a claim about what AI can do: a task can pass and still be beyond the systems of the day. The stricter and looser rules re-vote every task, and small differences between roles are noise.
Passes the screen · 3 of 18 tasks
Import text and art elements, such as electronic clip art or electronic files from photographs that have been scanned or produced with a digital camera, using computer software.
quick to check, an existing check settles it, and a mistake is cheap · 7.4% of the role's time · $12.9M · all three pass it
Convert various types of files for printing or for the Internet, using computer software.
quick to check, an existing check settles it, and a mistake is cheap · 5.6% of the role's time · $9.8M · passed by Claude Sonnet, Gemini 3.1 Pro · the models disagreed
Enter digitized data into electronic prepress system computer memory, using scanner, camera, keyboard, or mouse.
quick to check, an existing check settles it, and a mistake is cheap · 5.2% of the role's time · $9.0M · all three pass it
Does not pass
Operate desktop publishing software and equipment to design, lay out, and produce camera-ready copy.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 9.8% of the role's time · $17.1M · waiting on a check
Position text and art elements from a variety of databases in a visually appealing way to design print or web pages, using knowledge of type styles and size and layout patterns.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 8.3% of the role's time · $14.5M · waiting on a check
Prepare sample layouts for approval, using computer software.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 8.1% of the role's time · $14.2M · waiting on a check
View monitors for visual representation of work in progress and for instructions and feedback throughout process, making modifications as necessary.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 8.1% of the role's time · $14.1M · waiting on a check
Enter text into computer keyboard and select the size and style of type, column width, and appropriate spacing for printed materials.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 7.5% of the role's time · $13.1M · passed by Claude Sonnet · the models disagreed · waiting on a check
Check preliminary and final proofs for errors and make necessary corrections.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 6.6% of the role's time · $11.5M · waiting on a check
Study layout or other design instructions to determine work to be done and sequence of operations.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 5.6% of the role's time · $9.8M · waiting on a check
Edit graphics and photos, using pixel or bitmap editing, airbrushing, masking, or image retouching.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 5.1% of the role's time · $8.9M · waiting on a check
Collaborate with graphic artists, editors and writers to produce master copies according to design specifications.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 5.1% of the role's time · $8.9M
Select number of colors and determine color separations.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 5.0% of the role's time · $8.8M · waiting on a check
Enter data, such as coordinates of images and color specifications, into system to retouch and make color corrections.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 4.7% of the role's time · $8.2M · passed by Claude Sonnet · the models disagreed
Transmit, deliver, or mail publication master to printer for production into film and plates.
physical work, outside the screen · 3.1% of the role's time · $5.3M
Store copies of publications on paper, magnetic tape, film, or diskette.
physical work, outside the screen · 1.8% of the role's time · $3.2M
Create special effects such as vignettes, mosaics, and image combining, and add elements such as sound and animation to electronic publications.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 1.8% of the role's time · $3.2M · waiting on a check
Load floppy disks or tapes containing information into system.
physical work, outside the screen · 1.3% of the role's time · $2.2M
Where this role works
| Industry | Workers | Wage bill | Passes the screen | All three pass |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers | 1570 | $95.9M | $17.4M | $12.0M |
| Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services | 310 | $13.9M | $2.5M | $1.7M |
| Legal Services | 100 | $9.7M | $1.8M | $1.2M |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises | 130 | $8.1M | $1.5M | $1.0M |
| Media Streaming Distribution Services, Social Networks, and Other Media Networks and Content Providers | 120 | $7.2M | $1.3M | $905k |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools | 100 | $5.7M | $1.0M | $711k |
| State Government, excluding Schools and Hospitals (OEWS Designation) | 80 | $5.3M | $953k | $658k |
| Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services | 70 | $5.1M | $927k | $640k |
| Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities | 70 | $4.2M | $765k | $528k |
| Employment Services | 60 | $3.7M | $673k | $465k |