Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service
Every task in this role, whether it passes the census's structural hand-over screen, which models pass it, and why. It is a screen, not a claim about what AI can do: a task can pass and still be beyond the systems of the day. The stricter and looser rules re-vote every task, and small differences between roles are noise.
Passes the screen · 2 of 19 tasks
Keep records of calls placed and charges incurred.
quick to check, an existing check settles it, and a mistake is cheap · 3.4% of the role's time · $47.1M · passed by Claude Sonnet, GPT-6 Sol · the models disagreed
Complete forms for sales orders.
quick to check, an existing check settles it, and a mistake is cheap · 1.4% of the role's time · $20.1M · passed by Claude Sonnet, Gemini 3.1 Pro · the models disagreed
Does not pass
Answer incoming calls, greeting callers, providing information, transferring calls or taking messages as necessary.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 11.1% of the role's time · $154M · waiting on a check
Operate communication systems, such as telephone, switchboard, intercom, two-way radio, or public address.
physical work, outside the screen · 10.8% of the role's time · $150M
Greet visitors, log them in and out of the facility, assign them security badges, and contact employee escorts.
physical work, outside the screen · 8.3% of the role's time · $116M
Page individuals to inform them of telephone calls, using paging or interoffice communication equipment.
physical work, outside the screen · 7.6% of the role's time · $106M
Relay or route written or verbal messages.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 7.2% of the role's time · $100.0M · waiting on a check
Place telephone calls or arrange conference calls as instructed.
physical work, outside the screen · 6.2% of the role's time · $86.0M
Perform various data entry or word processing tasks, such as updating phone directories, typing or proofreading documents, or creating schedules.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 5.7% of the role's time · $79.9M · waiting on a check
Record messages, suggesting rewording for clarity or conciseness.
physical work, outside the screen · 5.1% of the role's time · $70.5M
Contact security staff members when necessary, using radio-telephones.
physical work, outside the screen · 4.7% of the role's time · $65.6M
Perform various cash handling tasks, such as collecting payments, making bank deposits, or managing petty cash.
physical work, outside the screen · 4.7% of the role's time · $65.3M
Answer simple questions about clients' businesses, using reference files.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 4.5% of the role's time · $62.9M · waiting on a check
Monitor emergency and code alarms, make emergency announcements, or route emergency calls to the appropriate location.
physical work, outside the screen · 4.3% of the role's time · $60.3M
Perform administrative tasks, such as accepting orders, scheduling appointments or meeting rooms, or sending and receiving faxes.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 4.2% of the role's time · $58.4M · waiting on a check
Monitor alarm systems to ensure that secure conditions are maintained.
physical work, outside the screen · 4.1% of the role's time · $57.5M
Stamp messages with time and date and file them appropriately.
physical work, outside the screen · 3.0% of the role's time · $41.4M
Process incoming or outgoing mail, packages, or deliveries.
physical work, outside the screen · 2.6% of the role's time · $35.9M
Place orders, such as for equipment, supplies, or catering for meetings.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 1.1% of the role's time · $15.6M
Where this role works
| Industry | Workers | Wage bill | Passes the screen | All three pass |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Medical and Surgical Hospitals | 10,860 | $457M | $22.0M | $0 |
| Business Support Services | 7190 | $266M | $12.8M | $0 |
| Offices of Physicians | 3560 | $139M | $6.7M | $0 |
| Traveler Accommodation | 2560 | $123M | $5.9M | $0 |
| Outpatient Care Centers | 1790 | $113M | $5.4M | $0 |
| Local Government, excluding Schools and Hospitals (OEWS Designation) | 850 | $39.0M | $1.9M | $0 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises | 690 | $28.2M | $1.4M | $0 |
| Automobile Dealers | 620 | $21.0M | $1.0M | $0 |
| Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (5221 and 5223 only) | 440 | $19.9M | $960k | $0 |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools | 420 | $17.6M | $847k | $0 |