Writers and Authors
Every task in this role, whether it passes the census's structural hand-over screen, which models pass it, and why. It is a screen, not a claim about what AI can do: a task can pass and still be beyond the systems of the day. The stricter and looser rules re-vote every task, and small differences between roles are noise.
Passes the screen · 1 of 36 tasks
Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers.
quick to check, an existing check settles it, and a mistake is cheap · 2.9% of the role's time · $114M · passed by Gemini 3.1 Pro, GPT-6 Sol · the models disagreed
Does not pass
Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 7.6% of the role's time · $296M · waiting on a check
Develop factors such as themes, plots, characterizations, psychological analyses, historical environments, action, and dialogue to create material.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 6.1% of the role's time · $240M · waiting on a check
Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 6.0% of the role's time · $233M · waiting on a check
Choose subject matter and suitable form to express personal feelings and experiences or ideas, or to narrate stories or events.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 5.5% of the role's time · $217M · waiting on a check
Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 4.8% of the role's time · $188M · waiting on a check
Write narrative, dramatic, lyric, or other types of poetry for publication.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 4.3% of the role's time · $170M
Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 3.8% of the role's time · $147M · waiting on a check
Vary language and tone of messages based on product and medium.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 3.5% of the role's time · $138M · waiting on a check
Discuss with the client the product, advertising themes and methods, and any changes that should be made in advertising copy.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 3.1% of the role's time · $121M · waiting on a check
Develop advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, working with an advertising agency's creative director and art director to determine the best way to present advertising information.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 3.1% of the role's time · $120M
Present drafts and ideas to clients.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 3.0% of the role's time · $118M · waiting on a check
Collaborate with other writers on specific projects.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M
Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M · waiting on a check
Consult with sales, media and marketing representatives to obtain information on product or service and discuss style and length of advertising written material.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M · waiting on a check
Edit or rewrite existing written material as necessary, and submit written material for approval by supervisor, editor, or publisher.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M · waiting on a check
Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M
Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M · waiting on a check
Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M
Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M
Work with staff to develop script, story, or advertising concepts.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M
Write advertising material for use by publication, broadcast, or internet media to promote the sale of goods and services.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M
Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M
Write to customers in their terms and on their level so that the script, story, or advertisement message is more readily received.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 2.6% of the role's time · $103M
Write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative, marketing and promotional material.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 2.2% of the role's time · $87.8M · waiting on a check
Confer with clients, editors, publishers, or producers to discuss changes or revisions to written material.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 2.0% of the role's time · $77.5M · waiting on a check
Review advertising trends, consumer surveys, and other data regarding marketing of goods and services to determine the best way to promote products.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 1.8% of the role's time · $69.5M
Collaborate with other writers on specific projects.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 1.4% of the role's time · $56.7M
Write words to fit musical compositions, including lyrics for operas, musical plays, and choral works.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 1.4% of the role's time · $55.3M · waiting on a check
Invent names for products and write the slogans that appear on packaging, brochures and other promotional material.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 1.1% of the role's time · $44.0M
Adapt text to accommodate musical requirements of composers and singers.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 1.1% of the role's time · $42.1M · waiting on a check
Teach writing classes.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 0.9% of the role's time · $37.0M
Attend book launches and publicity events, or conduct public readings.
physical work, outside the screen · 0.9% of the role's time · $33.6M
Write humorous material for publication, or for performances such as comedy routines, gags, and comedy shows.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 0.8% of the role's time · $31.3M
Conduct research and interviews to determine which of a product's selling features should be promoted.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 0.7% of the role's time · $26.9M
Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked · 0.5% of the role's time · $19.8M
Where this role works
| Industry | Workers | Wage bill | Passes the screen | All three pass |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services | 7080 | $568M | $16.5M | $0 |
| Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers | 5910 | $464M | $13.5M | $0 |
| Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers | 4380 | $376M | $10.9M | $0 |
| Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services | 4100 | $294M | $8.5M | $0 |
| Media Streaming Distribution Services, Social Networks, and Other Media Networks and Content Providers | 2030 | $215M | $6.2M | $0 |
| Motion Picture and Video Industries | 1690 | $190M | $5.5M | $0 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises | 1930 | $168M | $4.9M | $0 |
| Employment Services | 1550 | $156M | $4.5M | $0 |
| Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools | 2080 | $153M | $4.4M | $0 |
| Federal Executive Branch (OEWS Designation) | 1100 | $135M | $3.9M | $0 |