Software Developers
Every task in this role, whether it passes the census's structural hand-over screen, which models pass it, and why. It is a screen, not a claim about what AI can do: a task can pass and still be beyond the systems of the day. The stricter and looser rules re-vote every task, and small differences between roles are noise.
Passes the screen · 1 of 17 tasks
Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.
quick to check, an existing check settles it, and a mistake is cheap · 7.5% of the role's time · $18.0B · passed by Claude Sonnet, Gemini 3.1 Pro · the models disagreed
Does not pass
Modify existing software to correct errors, adapt it to new hardware, or upgrade interfaces and improve performance.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it, and a failure is too expensive · 10.0% of the role's time · $23.9B
Confer with systems analysts, engineers, programmers and others to design systems and to obtain information on project limitations and capabilities, performance requirements and interfaces.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 8.9% of the role's time · $21.2B
Analyze user needs and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 8.7% of the role's time · $20.8B
Develop or direct software system testing or validation procedures, programming, or documentation.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 7.7% of the role's time · $18.4B · passed by Claude Sonnet · the models disagreed
Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcomes and consequences of design.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it, and a failure is too expensive · 6.9% of the role's time · $16.5B
Determine system performance standards.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 6.4% of the role's time · $15.2B
Monitor functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications.
physical work, outside the screen · 6.3% of the role's time · $15.1B
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan installation of a new system or modification of an existing system.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 5.5% of the role's time · $13.2B
Consult with customers or other departments on project status, proposals, or technical issues, such as software system design or maintenance.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 5.3% of the role's time · $12.7B
Prepare reports or correspondence concerning project specifications, activities, or status.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 5.1% of the role's time · $12.2B · waiting on a check
Supervise the work of programmers, technologists and technicians and other engineering and scientific personnel.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 4.9% of the role's time · $11.7B
Confer with data processing or project managers to obtain information on limitations or capabilities for data processing projects.
reason given most often: no existing check settles it · 4.5% of the role's time · $10.7B · waiting on a check
Coordinate installation of software system.
physical work, outside the screen · 3.5% of the role's time · $8.5B
Obtain and evaluate information on factors such as reporting formats required, costs, or security needs to determine hardware configuration.
reason given most often: nobody can tell quickly whether it worked, and no existing check settles it · 3.2% of the role's time · $7.7B
Supervise and assign work to programmers, designers, technologists, technicians, or other engineering or scientific personnel.
an accountable sign-off — stays with a person · 3.1% of the role's time · $7.3B
Train users to use new or modified equipment.
physical work, outside the screen · 2.4% of the role's time · $5.8B
Where this role works
| Industry | Workers | Wage bill | Passes the screen | All three pass |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Systems Design and Related Services | 519,920 | $71.2B | $5.3B | $0 |
| Software Publishers | 154,190 | $23.4B | $1.8B | $0 |
| Management of Companies and Enterprises | 99,720 | $16.1B | $1.2B | $0 |
| Computing Infrastructure Providers, Data Processing, Web Hosting, and Related Services | 77,830 | $12.3B | $924M | $0 |
| Web Search Portals, Libraries, Archives, and Other Information Services | 47,580 | $10.1B | $756M | $0 |
| Credit Intermediation and Related Activities (5221 and 5223 only) | 53,760 | $7.8B | $583M | $0 |
| Scientific Research and Development Services | 49,170 | $7.7B | $582M | $0 |
| Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services | 50,260 | $6.7B | $503M | $0 |
| Employment Services | 39,820 | $5.7B | $430M | $0 |
| Insurance Carriers | 42,630 | $5.3B | $399M | $0 |